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OAKLEY.  MASON   & 


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University  of  California. 

Received     c/^^7  .  rfjo, 

&jJ~ty7        Class  No. 


IX?  0 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 

in  2007  with  funding  from 

Microsoft  Corporation 


http://www.archive.org/details/analysisofderivaOOtownrich 


AN 


ANALYSIS 


DERIVATIVE    WORDS 


IN    THE 


ENGLISH  LANGUAGE; 


OR, 


A  KEY  TO  THEIR  PRECISE  ANALYTIC  DEFINITIONS, 
BY  PREFIXES  AND  SUFFIXES. 


BY 


SALEM    TOWN,    LL.D 


CARKFULLr   REVISED,    AND    ADATTXD   TO  .SCHOOLS    OF 


NEW    YORK: 

OAKLEY,  MASON   &   CO. 

1870. 


*?*'*/ 


Entored  according  to  Aot  of  Congress  In  the  yoar  1839, 

Bt  SALEM  TOWN, 

in  the  Clerk's  Office  of  the  District  Court  of  tie  United  States,  in  and  lor  the 
Northern  District  of  New  York. 

Entered,  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1863, 

Bt  SALEM  TOWN, 

in  the  Clerk  s  Office  of  the  District  Court  of  the  United  States,  for  the  Northern 

District  of  New  York. 


Warrwa,  Jobaaoa  k  Co.,  Priahm  and  Bindvra,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 


■ 


\2ftc 


PREFACE 


Tiie  first  edition  of  this  work  was  the  first  effort  of  the  author,  and 
it  is  believed  to  be  theirs*  attempt  to  present  the  component  parti  of 
English  derivative  words,  in  their  distinctive  character,  and  exhibit 
their  combination  in  any  thing  like  system.  The  practicability  of  the 
work  had  been  under  consideration,  and  the  materials  principally 
collected,  many  years  before  the  plan  was  fully  carried  out  The  first 
edition  was  at  length  presented,  and  has  fairly  settled  the  question  aa 
to  the  importance  of  the  plan  proposed,  and  the  course  to  be  pursued 
in  acquiring  a  knowledge  of  derivative  words. 

This  revised  edition  is  now  submitted  to  the  public,  with  what  are 
believed  to  be  valuable  improvements.  The  work  has  now  been  in  use 
in  its  printed  form  seventeen  years ;  and,  during  that  period,  experience 
has  suggested  the  improvements  carried  out  in  this  revision.  The 
most  important  of  these,  consists  in  a  simplification,  better  adapted  to 
the  capacities  of  children.*  To  accomplish  this  object,  it  became 
necessary  to  re-write  and  re-arrange  the  whole.  The  same  words, 
however,  are  retained  in  the  body  of  the  work  which  are  found  in  the 
former  editions. 

The  examples  accompanying  the  prefixes  and  suffixes,  are  so  multi- 
plied, as  to  give  a  more  enlarged  comprehension  of  the  manner  of 
defining;  and  the  characters  showing  derivative  combinations,  are 
mostly  changed,  and  it  is  thought,  much  for  the  better. 

The  prefixes  and  suffixes,  with  their  significant  characters,  are  so 
arranged  as  to  preclude  the  possibility  of  mistakes  in  derivative  forma- 
tions, unless  by  inexcusable  carelessness  on  the  part  of  pupils,  or  inat- 
tention to  the  rules  and  directions  given. 

Nothing  can  give  such  force  to  the  significant  import  of  words  as 
their  analysis ;  and  nothing  can  relieve  the  memory  from  so  great  a 
task  in  acquiring  a  knowledge  of  language,  as  familiarity  with  tho*e 
component  parts  which  are  common  to  so  many  thousand  words,  sad, 

*  The  author  acknowledges  some  valuable  suggestions  from  Spencer  Smi'  %  Esq. 
of  St  Louis,  Mo.,  and  Prof  Kcnyon,  of  western  New  York. 


4  HISTORY    OF    THE    ANALYSIS. 

st  the  tame  time,  characterize  their  analytic  signification.  It  is  a  de- 
velopment of  this  principle,  with  its  systematic  application,  which  ha* 
given  such  celebrity  to  this  little  work. 

The  fact  is  well  known  to  classical  scholars,  that  the  primitive  words 
in  our  language  are  comparatively  few,  and  of  the  simplest  order,  such 
as  almost  every  child  of  ten  years  old  knows.  It  is  when  these  simple 
words  grow  up  into  their  derivative,  compound,  and  complex  forms, 
that  the  child  loses  sight  of  their  import,  and  simply,  because  he  is 
ignorant  of  their  component  parts. 

The  principles  on  which  this  work  is  executed,  are  interwoven  with, 
and  fundamental  to,  a  critical  knowledge  of  every  language.  Hence, 
it  is  the  undivided  opinion  of  the  most  competent  judges,  that  an 
English  scholar,  thoroughly  verse<l  in  this  system,  will,  so  far  as  lan- 
guage is  concerned,  secure  to  himself  many  important  advantages, 
which  the  classical  scholar  alone  has  heretofore  enjoyed. 

This  work  is  now  sent  out  with  an  arrangement  so  simplified,  as  to 
render  it  doubly  beneficial,  especially  to  younger  classes  of  pupils,  and 
at  the  same  time,  not  less  interesting  and  valuable  to  those  of  all  ages, 
who  desire  a  more  critical  knowledge  of  the  analysis  of  words  of  which 
our  language  is  composed. 

Mat  15th,  1852. 


HISTORY    OF    THE    ANALYSIS. 

The  author  of  the  Analysis  has  in  so  many  instances  been  asked  by 
literary  gentlemen,  what  first  led  him  to  examine  English  words  by 
prefixes  and  suffixes,  and  make  a  general  application  of  the  al» 
signification  of  those  component  parts  for  defining,  that  he  considers  a 
brief  statement  of  the  facts  not  inappropriate. 

As  Principal  of  Granville  Academy,  he  had  taught  the  classics  in  the 
usual  mode  from  1807  till  1822;  and,  having  witnessed  the  difficulties 
with  which  scholars  meet  in  the  commencement  of  those  studies,  in 
tracing  Latin  and  Greek  derivatives  to  the  radical  word,  he  was 
induced  to  believe  some  method  could  be  devised  for  their  benefit 

A  careful  analysis,  therefore,  of  every  compound  and  derivative 
word,  occurring  in  the  Latin  and  Greek  lessons,  was  commenced  and 
continued  in  the  recitations  of  those  classes,  by  means  of  which  the 
students  soon  became  able  to  distinguish  the  component  parts  of  such 
words,  and  thereoy  find  the  root  This  method  was  attended  with  a 
good  degree  of  success,  and  found  greatly  to  facilitate  scholars  in  thi 


HISTORY    OF    THE    ANALYSIS.  6 

acquisition  of  those  languages.  Soon,  however,  it  occurred  to  the 
author,  that  the  same  course  might,  perhaps,  be  pursued  in  gaining  a 
more  accurate  knowledge  of  English  derivatives. 

This  suggestion  led  to  an  investigation  of  the  sabject,  and  finally 
resulted  in  the  effort  of  collecting  and  defining  what  are  termed  prefixes 
and  suffixes,  as  the  modifiers  of  the  significant  import  of  radical  words. 

The  work  of  collecting  materials  for  a  book,  was  pursued  at  intervals, 
between  1822-'4.  The  prefixes,  being  in  the  main  Greek,  Latin,  and 
Saxon  prepositions,  were  not  difficult  to  classify  and  define ;  but  many 
of  the  suffixes  required  much  labor,  as  well  as  patient  examination,  to 
arrive  at  a  common  definition,  which  might  render  them  common 
definers. 

This  was  finally  accomplished  by  collating  words  of  the  same  termi- 
nations, frequently  amounting  to  some  hundreds  in  each  of  the  more 
difficult  classes,  and  then  searching  for  such  defining  expression  or 
phrase,  as  might  be  applied  to  all  words  having  a  "similar  termination, 
which  is  a  regular  suffix. 

Most  of  the  original  papers  are  still  in  existence,  with  the  prefixes 
and  suffixes  arranged  and  defined,  as  they  now  stand  in  the  first  edi- 
tion. Moreover,  there  are  a  large  number  of  individuals  now  living, 
who  learned  the  prefixes  and  suffixes,  with  the  mode  of  defining,  from 
the  word  Press,  copied  from  the  original  manuscript,  and  pasted  on  the 
walls  in  the  recitation  room  of  Granville  Academy,  as  early  as  1825, 
with  a  view  of  testing  this  mode  of  defining. 

In  1827,  the  principles  and  application  of  the  entire  system  were 
made  a  regular  study  in  Powelton  Academy,  Georgia,  over  which  the 
author  then  presided.  In  1831,  the  whole  plan,  with  specimens  of  its 
parts,  was  communicated  to  the  Rev.  Dr.  Davis,  former  President  ol 
Hamilton  College,  who  caused  the  same  to  be  read  before  a  State  Con- 
vention of  Teachers,  then  assembled  in  Utica ;  and  in  1836,  the  first 
edition,  in  its  printed  form,  was  presented  to  the  public 

And  now,  in  conclusion,  the  author  would  remark,  that  previous  to 
his  preparation  of  this  work,  he  had  neither  seen  nor  heard  of  any 
publication  whatever,  involving  the  essential  principles  of  his  plan, 
nor  had  the  learned  professors  in  our  colleges,  several  of  whom  were 
consulted,  any  knowledge  of  such  a  work  in  the  language ;  and,  at  the 
present  time,  he  has  no  knowledge  of  any  work  approximating  it,  of 
an  earlier  date  than  "  Butler's  Etymological  Spelling  Book,"  published 
in  London  in  1829,  from  which  the  "Scholar's  Companion n  was  com- 
piled, and  published  in  Philadelphia,  in  1835. 

These  facts  are  here  stated  merely  to  show  when  and  how  the  work 
was  commenced,  carried  forward,  tested,  and  finally  brought  to  it* 
present  state. 


CONTENTS. 


Explanation  cf  Primitive  and  Derivative  Words, paoi      7 

Caution,  and  Important  Explanations, 8 

Explanation  of  the  Prefixes, 9 

Prefixes  of  Latin  Origin  Defined  and  Exemplified, 10 

Prefixes  of  Greek  Origin  Defined  and  Exemplified, 24 

Prefixes  of  Saxon  Origin  Defined  and  Exemplified, 80 

Synopsis  of  the  Latin  Prefixes, 82 

Synopsis  of  the  Greek  Prefixes, 84 

Classification  of  Prefixes, 86 

An  Exercise  in  Applying  the  Definition  of  Prefixes, 88 

Explanation  of  Suffixes,  and  the  Suffixes  Defined  and  Exemplified,  40 

Synopsis  of  the  Suffixes, 62 

Rules  for  Forming  Derivative  Words, 53 

An  Exercise  in  Forming  Derivatives  by  Suffixes, 56 

Classification  of  Suffixes, 58 

Special  Rules  for  Forming  Derivatives  by  Prefixes, 60 

Manner  of  Defining  by  Prefixes  and  Suffixes, 61 

The  Different  Import  of  Certain  Prefixes, 68 

An  Exercise  in  Forming  Derivatives  by  Prefixes, 65 

An  Exercise  in  Defining  by  Prefixes, 66 

Explanation  of  the  Arrangement  and  Characters, 68 

Exercise  in  Forming  Derivatives  without  Defining, 70 

Explanation,  and  Exercises  in  Forming  and  Defining  Derivatives,  72 

The  Word  Press  and  Eighty-Three  Derivatives, 75 

Primitive  Words  of  One  Syllable, 78 

Primitive  Words  of  Two  Syllables, 82 

Primitive  Words  of  Three  Syllables, 97 

Primitive  Words  of  Three  and  Four  Syllables, 102 

Defining  by  the  Use  of  Two  Prefixes, Ill 

Defining  by  the  Use  of  Three  Prefixes, 123 

Special  Directions  for  Combining  Derivatives, 128 

Inseparable  Prefixes, 133 

Primitive  Words  having  an  Inseparable  Prefix, 134 

Chemical  Import  of  certain  Suffixes  and  Prefixes, 152 

General  and  Special  Rules  for  Pronouncing  the  English  Language,  153 

Origin  of  some  of  the  Prefixes  and  Suffixes, 158 


EXPLANATION    OF    PRIMITIVE    AND    DERIVATIVE    WORDS. 

1.  Primitive  words  are  such  as  can  be  reduced  to  no 
fewer  letters  than  what  are  then  expressed,  and  still  remain 
significant  English  words ;  as,  Man,  Fame,  House,  Sense. 

2.  Derivative  words  are  such  as  are  formed  from  the 
primitives  by  the  addition  of  other  letters  or  syllables ;  as, 
from  the  preceding  primitive  words,  we  thus  form  the  deriv- 
atives, Manly,  Defamation,  Houseless,  and  Insensibility. 

3.  A  compound  word  is  composed  of  two  or  more  distinct 
words ;  as,  Sugar-maple.  Over-load,  Common-place-book. 

4.  The  root  of  a  word  is  that  part  which  belongs  exclu- 
sively to  the  primitive  form,  and  is  not  combined  with  any 
other  word,  syllable,  or  letter ;  as,  press. 

In  this  work,  all  such  words  of  Latin  origin,  as  Abdicate, 
Convene,  Adhere,  &c,  so  far  as  our  language  is  concerned, 
will  be  taken  as  primitives ;  yet  the  classical  scholar  will 
perceive  that  they  are  not  such  in  the  language  whence  they 
are  derived.  Some  other  words  also  will  be  inserted  which 
are  not  primitives. 

Those  parts  which  are  added  to  a  primitive  word,  we 
shall  call  prefixes  and  suffixes ;  and,  as  the  primitive  has  at 
least  one  appropriate  meaning,  all  the  varieties  of  significa- 
tion which  arise  from  additions  in  any  way  made  to  such 
primitive,  must  depend  exclusively  on  those  parts  added 
Hence,  when  all  the  prefixes  and  suffixes  in  the  language 
are  known,  nothing  remains  but  to  acquire  the  meaning  of 
the  primitives  to  understand  the  whole  language,  so  far  as 
those  component  parts  are  concerned  in  modifying  the  im- 
port of  words. 


8  ANALYSIS      OP     THI 

SECTION  II. 

CAUTION. 

In  applying  the  following  rules  in  this  book,  it  must  be 
remembered,  their  application  is  confined  exclusively  to  de- 
rivative words.  When  any  of  those  combinations  of  letter! 
called  prefixes  and  suffixes,  constitute  an  essential  part  of  a 
primitive  word,  they  are  then  neither  prefixes  nor  infixes, 
and  do  not  come  under  the  rules  of  Analysis  nor  Definition; 
as,  '  ess,'  in  Bless,  ■  ate,'  in  Climate,  '  ish,'  in  Lavish,  '  ment,' 
in  Torment,  '  em '  in  Embers,  '  hi,'  in  Bias,  '  un,'  in  Under. 


The  following  explanations  ought  to  be  thoroughly  under- 
stood, by  both  teachers  and  pupils  : 

1.  When  the  analysis  of  the  word  requires  it,  the  entire 
prefix,  whether  consisting  of  one  letter,  or  one  or  more 
syllables,  is  separated  from  the  root  by  a  comma ;  thus, 
Dis,please,  Il,legal,  A,vert,  Circum,vent. 

2.  In  many  instances,  by  dividing  the  word  into  its  proper 
syllables,  the  first  letter  of  the  root  must  be  joined  to  the 
prefix,  in  order  to  complete  a  syllable,  and  lead  to  a  correct 
accentuation  of  the  word.  In  such  cases,  the  common  char- 
acter of  accentuation  marks  the  letter ;  thus,  in  Bene,volent, 
Geo,graphy,  Dia,meter,  bene,  geo,  and  dia,  are  prefixes;  volent, 
graphy,  and  meter,  are  roots.  To  spell  these  words  by  sylla- 
bles, the  first  letter  of  each  root  is  joined  to  its  prefix,  and 
accented;  thus,  Be-nev'-o-lent,  Ge-og/-ra-p!:y,  Di-am'-e-ter ; 
usually  completing  the  syllable  with  the- very  letter  on  which 
the  accent  falls. 

3.  In  all  similar  cases,  when  one  or  more  letters  of  the 
root  must  combine  with  the  prefix  to  form  a  syllable  and 
*how  the  accent,  the  mark  of  the  accent  is  over  such  letter; 
thus,  Benevolent,   Geography,  Dia,m'eter. 


ENGLISH      LANOUAOB  9 

SECTION  III. 

EXPLANATION    OF    THE    PREFIXES. 

1.  A  Prefix  is  a  letter,  syllable,  or  word,  added  to  the 
oeginning  of  some  other  word,  to  vary  or  modify  its  primitive 
signification ;  thus, 

Theist,  implies  a  person  who  believes  in  the  existence  of 
a  God ;  but  prefix  a,  and  it  becomes  Atheist,  implying  one 
who  docs  wo*  believe  in  the  existence  of  a  God. 

Again,  possible  means  that  which  can  be  done  ;  but  prefix 
im,  and  it  becomes  impossible,  implying  what  can  not  be  done. 

2.  A  separable  prefix  is  that  part  of  a  word  which  may  be 
taken  from  the  primitive  root,  and  still  leave  a  significant 
English  word ;  as,  from  impress,  im  may  be  thus  taken. 

3.  An  inseparable  prefix  is  such  a  combination  of  a  word, 
syllable,  or  letter,  with  the  root,  that  as  an  English  word,  a 
separation  of  the  parts  would  destroy  the  English  significa- 
tion of  both ;  as,  depute,  which,  in  Latin,  is  composed  of  de, 
and  puto ;  but  in  English  they  may  not  be  separated. 

Some  entire  words  are  occasionally  used  as  prefixes. 

The  analytic  definition  of  the  root,  with  its  prefix,  is  com- 
monly given  in  such  examples,  as  would  seem  to  be  of  ma- 
terial benefit  to  English  scholars.  In  all  such  cases,  the  root 
and  its  prefix  are  italicized. 

Teachers  are  specially  requested  to  confine  their  pupils 
to  the  prefixes  and  suffixes,  till  these  component  parts  are 
learned  in  the  most  thorough  manner.  When  this  point  is 
gained,  the  whole  work  is  virtually  mastered. 

The  following  are  the  principal  prefixes  in  our  language, 
influencing  the  meaning  of  words.  They  are  printed  in 
small  cats   and  their  definitions  in  italics. 


10  ANALYSIS     OP     THK 

PREFIXES    OP    LATIN    ORIGIN    DEFINED    AND    EXEMPLIFIED. 

i,#  ab,  AB8 — denote  from;  away  from ;  separation. 

EXAMPLE8. 

A.vert,  to  turn  from.     Derived  from  verto,  to  turn ;  and 
a,  from. 

Ab,solve,  to  loose,  or  free  from.     Solvo,  to  loose ;  ab,  from. 

Ab,duce,  to  lead  from.     Duco,  to  lead  ;  ab,  from. 

Ab,scind,  to  rend  off,  or  from.     Scindo,  to  rend;  ab,  from. 

Abstract,  to  draw  from.     Traho,  to  draw  ;  abs,  from. 

Abs,tain,  to  hold  from.     Teneo,  to  hold  ;  abs,  from. 

Abs,cond,  to  conceal  from.     Condo,  to  conceal;  abs  from. J 
ad  J— denotes  to ;  toward ;  closeness,  or  union. 
ac,  af,  ag,  al,  an,  ap,  ar,  as,  at,  denote  the  same  as  ad. 

Adjoin,  to  join  to.     Derived  from  jxmgo,  to  join ;    and 

Ad, vert,  to  turn  the  mind  to.     Verto,  to  turn.  [ad,  to. 

Ac,cede,  to  yield  to.     Cedo,  to  yield  ;  ac,  to. 

Af,fix,  to  fix  to.     Figo,  to  fix  ;  af,  to. 

Ag,grieve,  to  give  pain,  or  sorrow  to. 

Al,lude,  to  refer  to.     Ludo,  to  play  ;  al,  to. 

An,nex,  to  tie,  or  link  to.     Necto,  to  link  ;  an,  to. 

#  A,  serves  as  a  prefix  to  many  English  words,  having  a  signification 
nearly  equivalent  to  in,  on,  at ;  as,  afoot,  on  foot ;  abed,  in  bed ;  afar, 
at  a  distance,  <fec 

f  The  defining  phraseology  need  not  be  restricted  to  the  word  frotn, 
but  may  vary  in  any  manner  which  implies  teparation,  or  taking 
aytay ;  as,  abbreviate,  to  shorten,  or  abridge;  abrasion,  the  act  of 
wearing,  or  rubbing  0%  <fec 

I  D,  is  changed  for  c,  (,  g,  1,  n,  p,  r,  s,  or  t,  before  a  corresponding 
letter,  for  the  sake  of  euphony  and  ease  of  utterance.  Instead  of  say 
ing  adcede,  adfix,  we  say  accede,  affix,  Ac. 


ENGLISH      LA  NO  II  A  OK.  M 

Ap,pend,  to  hang  to.     Pendeo,  to  hang ;  ap,  to. 

Ar,rogate,  to  lay  claim  to.     Rogo  to  ask  ;  ar,  to.      [as,  to 

Assume,  to  take  to,  or  upon  one's  self.     Sumo,  to  take ; 

At,tain,  to  come  to,  or  arrive  at.     Tango,  to  reach ;  at,  to 

At,tend,  to  give  the  mind  to.     Tendo,  to  stretch  ;  at,  \o.% 
ambi — denotes  both.     From  ambo. 

Ambi,dexter,  using  both  hands  equally  well. 
amb,  amphi — denote  around,  or  two. 
-~    Amb,ient,   surrounding.     Derived  from  am  and  tens 

Ambjig/uous,  having  two  meanings  ;  doubtful. 

Amphitheater,  a  circular  building. 

Amphibious,  able  to  live  in  two  elements. 
ante — denotes  before,  in  time,  place,  or  rank. 

Ante, date,  to  date  before  the  true  time. 

Antecedent,  going  before,  in  refeience  to  time. 

Ante,diluvian,  one  who  lived  before  the  flood. 

Ante,room,  the  front  ox  first  room. 

Ante-nuptial,  before  marriage. 
-^  Ante, past,  a/oretaste. 
ant,  anti — denote  opposite,  opposed,  or  again  \ 

A nti, Christ,  the  great  opposer  of  Christ. 

Anti,pode,  one  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  globe. 

Anti,dotal,  good  against  the  effects  of  poison. 

Antipathy,  opposition  in  feelings  ;  dislike. 

Anti, thesis,  contrast ;  opposition  of  words. 

Antarctic,  a  circle  opposite  to  the  arctic  circle. 
bene— denotes  good,  or  well. 

Bene,factor,  a  doer  of  good. 

*  The  defining  phrase  need  not  include  the  word  to,  if  couched  in 
tmch  language  as  implies  addition,  corresponding  with  the  sense  of  th* 
word  to  be  defined ;  as,  applaud,  to  praise,  which  is  the  same  aa,  tf 
give  praise  to. 


12  ANALYSIS     0»      THE 

Benevolent,  having  a  disposition  to  do  good.     Derived 

from  volens,  wishing  ;  and  bene,  good. 
Benc,fit,  an  act  of  kindness ;  good  done. 
Benediction,  a  blessing ;  speaking  good  words. 
bi,  bis — denote  two. 

Bi,sect,  to  cut  into  two  parts.     Sectus,  cut. 

Bi,enmal,  happening  once  in  two  years. 

Bigamy,  having  two  husbands,  or  two  wives  at  a  time. 

Bi,form,  having  two  forms. 

Bi,ped,  a  bird  or  animal  having  two  feet. 

Bis,cuit,  cake  hard  baked.     Derived  from  bis,  twice  ;  and 

cuit,  baked, 
cis — denotes  on  this  side. 

Cis,alpine,  on  this  side  the  Alps,    as  from  Rome. 
Cis,padane,  on  this  side  the  Po,  a  river  in  Italy. 
centu,  centi,  cent — denote  a  hundred. 

Centu,plicate,  to  make  a  hundred  fold.     From   plico,  to 

fold  ;  and  centu,  a  hundred. 
Cent,en'nial,  occurring  once  in  a  hundred  years. 
Centi, folious,  having  a  hundred  leaves. 
Centi  ,ped,  applied  to  insects  having  many  feet. 
contra,  contro,  counter — denote  opposition  to,  or  against 
Contra,dict,  to  oppose  by  words.     Dico,  to  speak  ;  contra, 

against. 
Contraposition,  a  placing  over  against.     Pono,  to  place  ; 

contra,  against. 
Controversy,  opposition  by  words  ;  a  dispute.      Versus,  a 

turning ;  contro,  against. 
Counter.attraction,  opposite  attraction.      Traho,  to  draw  ; 

counter,  opposite  to. 
Counteract,  to  act  in  opposition  to  ;  to  impede. 
Counter. bal  a  mo.  to  weigh  against  with  eqml  wnght. 


ENGLISH    LANGUAGE.  18 

con* — denotes  with ;  joined  with,  or  together. 

»;o,  cog,  com,  col,  cor,  have  the  same  import  as  con 

Co,hesion,  the  act  of  sticking  together.     Hereo,  to  stick : 
co,  together. 

Co,operate,  to  act,  or  operate  jointly  with  another. 

Cog,nate,  allied  by  blood  ;  related.     Natus,  born. 

Col,lect,  to  bring  together  into  one  body,  or  place. 

Col,late,  to  lay  together,  and  compare. 

Col,lapse,  to  fall  together,  as  the  two  sides  of  a  vessel. 

Com,bine,  to  unite,  or  join  things  together. 

Com,press,  to  press  together  by  external  force.      [gether. 

Con,vene,  to   come   together.     Venio,  to   come ;  con,  to- 

Con,fluent,  flowing  together.     Fluo,  to  flow  ;  con,  together. 

Confederate,  to  unite  in  a  league,  or  by  treaty. 

Cor,rugate,  to  wrinkle.     Rugo,  to  gather ;  cor,  together 
cir cum— denotes  around;  about. 

Circumnavigate,  to  sail  around,  as  by  water. 

Circumjacent,  lying  around  ;  bordering  on. 

Circum, ambient,  surrounding,  as  the  air. 

Circum,spect,  looking  around ;  prudent. 

Circumference,  a  line  that  goes  round  a  circle. 
de — denotes  from  ;  removing  from ;  depriving  off  t  down. 

De,duce,  to  draw  from,  or  gather  truth.     Due  /,  to  draw 
de,  from. 

De,grade,  to  reduce  from  a  higher  to  a  lowe    rank. 

De,bark,  to  land  from  a  ship,  or  a  boat. 

Dejected,  cast  down,  as  to  the  counter  .nee.     Jacio,  to 
cast ;  de,  down. 

De,fraud,  to  deprive  of  a  right ;  to  coz  n  or  cheat. 

De,obstruct,  to  remove  impediments/^ om  a  passage. 

Departure,  the  act  of  going  away;    emoving  from. 
*  Before  a  vowel  or  h,  n  is  dropped  ;  a*  in  cohere,  coalesce. 


14  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

De,pose,  to  reduce  from  a  throne,  or  deprive  of  office. 

De,volve,  to  roll  down  on,  or  to  pass  to  another. 

De,molish,  to  throw,  or  pull  down ;  to  destroy. 

De,spoil,  to  take  from  by  force  ;  to  deprive  of 

De,fend,  to  drive  from,  or  thrust  back ;  to  protect. 
di,  dis,  dif— denote  separating  ;  out  of;  from;  off,  or  want  of 

Di,vide,  to  part  into  two  or  more  portions. 

Di,vest,  to  strip  off,  as  clothes,  arms,  or  equipage. 

Di,vert,  to  turn  off  from  any  course  ;  to  amuse. 

Dis,burse,  to  pay  out,  as  money  from  a  treasury. 

Dis,locate,  to  put  out  of  its  proper  place,  as  a  joint. 

Dis,arm,  to  deprive  of  arms,  or  means  of  defense. 

Dis,miss,  to  give  leave  to  depart ;  to  send  away. 

Dis,able,  to  deprive  of  ability,  to  weaken  or  impair. 

Dis,inter,  to  take  out  of  a  grave,  or  out  of  the  earth. 

Dif,fuse,  to  pour  out  and  spread,  as  a  fluid. 

Dif,fer,  to  separate  ;  to  disagree.    Fero,  to  bear  ;  dif  apart 
duo,  du — denote  double,  or  two. 

Duodecimo,  a  book  with  twelve  pages  to  a  sheet.     Decern, 
^en  ;  and  duo,  two,  making  twelve. 

Duplicate,  a  copy;  two  of  the  same  kind. 

Du,plicity,  doubleness  of  heart,  or  speech ;  deceit. 
i,  ex,  ef,  ec— denote  out;  out  of ; from;  beyond.         \e,  out. 

E,duce,  to  draw  out;  to  elicit,  or  extract.     Duco,  to  draw  ; 

E, lapse,  to  run  out ;  to  pass  away. 

E,lect,  to  pick  out  from  among  two  or  more. 

E,vade,  to  escape  from  ;  to  avoid  by  dexterity.      Vado,  in 
march ;  e,  from. 

E, merge,  to  rise  out  of  a  fluid  ;  to  issue  from 

Ex,clude,  to  thrust  out;  to  hinder  from  entering.      Ctnudo, 
to  shut ;  ex,  out. 

Ex,hau8t,  to  empty,  by  drawing  out  the  whole. 


ENGLISH      LANGUAGE.  15 

Ex,cess,  superfluity  beyond  necessary  wants. 

Ef,flux,  the  act  of  flowing  out,  as  in  a  stream.     Fluo,  to 
flow  ;  ef,  out. 

Effulgence,  a  shining  forth,  as  with  a  flood  of  light. 

Ef,fervresce,  to  throw  off  vapor,  or  gas,  as  in  boiling. 

Ec,lectic,  a  selecting,  or  choosing  from. 

Ec,centric,  deviating,  or  departing  from  the  center. 

Es,cort,*  a  guard  sent  forth  to  attend  an  officer,  <fcc. 

Es,cape,  to  fiee  from  and  avoid ;  to  shun  or  evade. 

Es,chew,  to  fieefrom ;  to  shun,  or  avoid  evil. 

Es,trange,  to  keep  at  a  distance ;  to  withdraw. 
EN,t  em — denote  in,  or  upon ;  giving  intensity. 

En,courage,  to  inspire  with  more  courage. 

En,lighten,  to  shed  light  on ;  to  increase  the  light. 

En,velop,  to  cover  by  inwrapping,  or  folding. 

En,circle,  to  inclose,  or  to  go  round ;  to  surround. 

Em, body,  to  form  into  a  body ;  to  collect. 

Em,power,  to  give  legal,  or  moral  power  to. 

Em,bolden,  to  give  boldness,  or  courage  to. 

Em,phatic,  uttered  with  greater  force  of  voice. 
equi — denotes  equal. 

Equilateral,  a  figure  having  equal  sides.     Latus,  a  side. 

Equilibrium,  equality  of  weight,  or  force. 

Equivalent,  equal  in  value,  or  worth. 

Equidistant,  at  an  equal  distance  from.  [senses. 

Equivocal,   language     equally    implying    either   of   two 

Equi,sonance,  an  equal  sounding. 
extra — denotes  beyond;  more  than, or  excess. 

*  E<s  in  some  cases,  has  the  same  import  as  ex. 

f  En,  is  borrowed  from  the  French.  It  coincides  with  the  Latin,  in 
and  the  Greek,  en.  N,  is  changed  for  m,  before  labials ;  as,  employ.  In 
some  wo-ds  en,  and  in,  are  interchangeable ;  as,  enclose,  inclose. 


16  ANALY8I8     OP     THE 

Extravagant,  going  beyond  due  bounds  ;  excessive.      V or- 
gans y  going ;  extra,  beyond. 

Extraordinary,  beyond  the  common  order. 

Extrajudicial,  out  of  the  proper  court. 
in — is  used  in  two  senses.     1st.  It  denotes  not,  or  a  nroq- 

tive  sense,  when  prefixed  to  adjectives  and  adverbs. 
im,  10,  il,  ir — denote  the  same,  in  the  same  connection. 

In,capable,  not  capable  ;  wanting  capacity. 

In,cautious,  not  cautious  ;  not  circumspect. 

In,efTably,  in  a  manner  not  to  be  uttered. 

Impossible,  not  possible  ;  that  can  not  be. 

Im,mortal,  not  mortal ;  exempt  from  death. 

Im,mutably,  not  admitting  change. 

Ig,noble,  not  noble  ;  of  low  birth,  or  familv. 

Ig,norant,  not  knowing  ;  wanting  knowledge. 

Illegal,  not  legal ;  contrary  to  law  ;  unlawful. 

Illiberal,  not  liberal ;  not  free  to  give. 

Illegibly,  in  a  manner  not  to  be  read. 

Ir,religious,  not  religious  ;  impious  ;  ungodly. 

Ir,regular,  not  regular  ;  deviating. 

Irrevocably,  in  a  manner  not  to  be  revoked,  or  recalled. 
in — in  the  2d  sense,  denotes  in,  on,  or  upon,  when  prefixed 

to  verbs,  or  words  derived  from  verbs. 
IM,  ig,  il,  ir — denote  the  same  as  in,  when  in  this  sense, 
they  are  used  in  the  same  connection. 

Incarcerate,  to  put  in  prison. 

Inaugurate,  to  invest  with  an  office  ;  to  induct. 

I m, mure,  to  confine  within  walls. 

lm,press,  to  imprint  in,  or  on ;  to  stamp. 

Ig,nite,  to  kindle,  or  set  on  fire ;  to  take  fire. 

Il,luminate,  to  enlighten ;  to  throw  light  on. 

Illustrate,  to  make  more  clear  ;  to  explain. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  1~ 

Ir,ritate,  to  make  angry,  or  fretful;  to  provoke. 

Irrigate,  to  water;  to  moisten;  to  bedew. 

Inheritable,  that  may  be  inherited. 

Im,pressive,  tending  to  make  an  impression. 

Ig.nition,  the  act  of  setting  on  fire. 

U,lusory,  tending  to  deceive ;  deceitful. 

Ir,ritable,  susceptible  of  being  made  angry ;  passionate 
inter — denotes  among,  or  between. 

Inter, change,  a  mutual  exchange  between. 

Inter,pose,  to  place,  or  come  in  between. 

Intermix,  to  mix  together ;  to  intermingle. 

Interrupt,  to  stop  or  hinder,  by  breaking  in  between. 

Interval,  a  space  between  things  ;  a  void  space. 
intro — denotes  within ;  into,  or  in. 

introspection,  a  view  of  the  inside,  or  interior. 

Introduce,  to  conduct  in,  or  make  known. 

lntro,gression,  the  act  of  coming  in;  entrance. 

Intro,version,  the  act  of  turning  inward. 
infra — denotes  under,  or  below. 

Infra,mundane,  under  the  world. 
juris — denotes  legal,  or  lawful  right. 

Jurisdiction,  legal  authority,  or  control  over. 

Jurisprudence,  the  science  of  law. 
juxta— denotes  near  by,  or  nearness. 

Juxtaposition,  a  being  placed  in  nearness. 
mis — denotes  wrong ;  erroneous. 

Misapply,  to  apply  in  a  wrong  manner. 

Misestimate,  to  estimate  erroneously. 

Mis, pronounce,  to  pronounce  wrong. 

Mis,place,  to  put  in  a  wrong  place. 

Mis, conduct,  wrong  conduct ;  ill  behavior. 
male,  mal — denote  ill;  evil:  *>»d. 


18  ANALYSIS     OF      THE 

Mal,treat,  to  treat  ill ;  to  treat  roughly ;  to  abuse. 
■    Malpractice,  evil  practice  ;  immoral  conduct. 

Malevolent,  wishing  evil  to  others  ;  envious. 

Male  diction,  evil  speaking ;  cursing. 

Male,factor,  an  evil  doer;  one  who  commits  a  crime 
multi— denotes  many. 

Multilateral,  a  figure  having  many  sides. 

Multi,form,  having  many  forms. 

Multiplicity,  the  state  of  being  many. 

Multiplication,  the  act  of  increasing. 

Multi,ped,  an  insect  having  many  feet. 
manu — denotes  a  hand. 

Manuscript,  a  paper  written  by  hand. 

Manufacture,  to  make  by  hand. 

Manu,mit,  to  release  the  hand  from  bondage. 

Manu,al,  a  small  book,  easily  carried  by  hand,     [adverbs. 
non,  ne,  un — denote  not,  when  prefixed  to  adjectives  and 

Non,elect,  one  not  elected.     Non>  not;  electus,  elected. 

Non,sense,  not  sense ;  void  of  *ense. 

Nonexistence,  not  having  exi^^nce. 

Neater,  not  either  as  the  neu  er  gender. 

Un,true,  not  true  ;  contrary  to  Lftt 

Un,safe,  not  safe.     Unbound,  not  sound 
on— denotes  undoing  what  has  been  done,  when  prefixed  te 
verbs  and  participles. 

Un,lace,  to  undo  the  lacing ;  to  loose  the  strings. 

Un,iading,  removing  the  cargo  of  a  ship. 

Un,harnessing,  stripping  off  the  harness. 
*oct— denotes  night. 

NoctjU^nal,  pertaining  to  night;  nightlv 

Noct,iv/agant,  wandering  in  the  night. 

Noct.am'bulist.  one  walking  by  night,  in  his  riea§) 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  19 

ob,  oc,  of,  op — denote  tn  front ;  against ;  toward ,  in,  or  on 

Ob,trude,  to  thrust  in,  or  on,  as  uninvited. 

Ob,struct,  to  block  up,  as  a  passage  ;  putting  tn  the  way. 

Oc,cur,  to  meet,  as  in  front,  before  the  mind,  or  eye. 

Oc,cupant,  in   law,  one  who    comes    before,  or  first  ir. 
possession. 

Of,fer,  to  bring  before,  for  acceptance,  or  rejection. 

Of,ficious,  excessively  forward ;  intermeddling. 

Op.ponent,  one  who  opposes,  or  sets  himself  against. 

Opposition,  a  standing  over  against,  or  tn  front  of. 
omni,  panto,  pan— denote  all. 

Omniscient,  knowing  all  things,  as  God  does. 

Omnipotent,  having  all  power,  as  God  has. 

Omnipresent,  being  present  at  once,  in  all  places. 

Omni, bus,  a  carriage  common  for  all  to  ride  in. 

Pan,theon,  a  temple  dedicated  to  all  the  gods. 

Pan,tomime,  imitating  all  sorts  of  actions. 

Pan,acea,  a  remedy  for  all  diseases. 
pleni — denotes  full. 

Plenipotentiary,  an  embassador  with  full  power. 

Pleni,tude,  fullness ;  abundance. 

Plenary,  full ;  complete  ;  entire. 

Plenum,  fullness  of  matter  in  space. 
preter — denotes  beyond  ;  past ;  more  than. 

Preternatural,  beyond  what  is  natural. 

Preterlegal,  exceeding  the  limits  of  the  law. 

Preter, it,  that  which  is  past ;  past  tense. 

Preter,imperfect,  the  tense  of  an  action  not  perfectly  past 
post — denotes  after. 

Postmeridian,  after  noon  ;  any  time  after  noon. 

Postmortem,  after  death,  as  a  postmortem  examination 

Postdiluvian,  a  person  who  lived  after  the  flood. 


20  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

Postpone,  to  put  off  till  another  time  ;  to  defer. 

Postscript,  a  paragraph  added  afterward ;  an  addition. 

Pos^er^ty,  those  coming  after,  as  children  ;  descendants 
pro— denotes  fore  ;  forth ;  forward  ;  out,  or  for. 

Probation,  /or«-trial ;  the  act  of  proving  ;  trinl . 

Pro,duce,  to  bring  forward ;  to  bring  forth. 

Pro,pel,  to  drive  forward ;  to  urge  on  by  force.     Pello,  tc 
drive ;  pro,  forward. 

Pro,pose,  to  bring  forward,  or  offer  for  acceptance.    Pono, 
to  place  ;  pro,  before. 

Prominent,  standing  out  beyond ;  jutting  out. 

Promulgate,  in  some  way  to  send  forth ;  to  publish. 

Prognostic,  /oreshowing,  as  a  future  event. 

Pro,gression,  the  act  of  moving  forward.  [rank. 

pre-— denotes  before  ;  forward,  or  to  surpass,  in  time,  or 

Pre,mature,  ripe  before  the  natural,  or  proper  time 

Pre, cede,  to  go  before  in  the  order  of  time. 

Pre, concert,  a  previous  agreement. 

Pre,meditate,  to  consider  on  beforehand. 

Pre,occupy,  to  take  possession  before  another. 

Prejudge,  to  judge  in  a  cause  before  it  is  heard. 

Pre, eminent,  surpassing,  or  superior  in  excellence. 

Pre, Pace,  that  which  comes  before,  as  introductory. 

Pre,pare,  to  make  ready  beforehand ;  to  adjust. 
per — denotes  through  ;  by  ;  very  ;  over. 

Per,vade,  to  pass  through,  or  spread  through.     Yado,  to 
march  ;  per,  through. 

Per,ceive,  to  get  impressions  through  the  senses. 

Perforate,  to  bore  through,  or  pierce  through. 

Per,vert,  to  turn  by,  or  from  a  proper  purpose. 

Per,vious,  admitting  a  passage  through. 

Perform,  tr  carry  through  an  undertaking. 


ENGLISH      LANGUAGE.  21 

Per,petual,  continuing  through  all  time. 

Per,fect,  every  thing  gone  through  with  ;  complete. 

Per,day,  or  Per,diem,  by  the  day  ;  Per,annum,  <fcc. 
fitiMO,  prim — denote  first,  or  original. 

Primogenitor,  theirs*  father,  or  forefather. 

Prim,or'dial,  first  in  order  ;  original. 

Primitive,  an  original  word  ;  one  not  derived. 

Prim,ary,  first  in  order  of  time  ;  original. 
quad,  tetra — denote  four. 

Quad,rate,  a  figure  having  four  equal  sides. 

Quadruple,  four  fold  ;  four  times  told. 

Quadruped,  an  animal  having  four  feet. 

Quad,rant,  the  quarter,  or  fourth  part  of  a  circle. 

Tetra,spermous,  in  botany,  having  four  seeds. 

Tetra,syllabic,  consisting  oifour  syllables. 
re  * — denotes  again;  back;  return,  or  repetition. 

Re, enter,  to  enter  again,  or  a  second  time. 

Re,assign,  to  assign  back,  or  transfer  back. 

Re,pay,  to  pay  back,  or  return,  as  money. 

Re, people,  to  furnish  again  with  people. 

Re,mind,  to  bring  to  mind,  or  notice  again. 

Re,spect,  to  look  back  on,  as  with  esteem. 

Repetition,  the  act  of  performing  again, 

Reorganize,  to  organize  again,  or  anew. 
retro — denotes    backward,  or  back. 

Retro,grade,  going,  or  moving  backward. 

Retrospection,  the  act  of  looking  back  on. 

Retro,pulsive,  driving,  or  repelling  back. 

Retro,action,  action  turned  backward. 
*E — denotes  separation,  or  withdrawal. 

Se,clude,  to  separate ;  as  from  company. 

*  In  some  words,  re,  has  lost  its  original  meaning ;  as,  in  rejoice. 


22  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

Se,cede,  to  withdraw  from  fellowship  with. 

Se,duce,  to  draw  aside  from  the  path  of  rectitude. 

Se,lect,  to  choose  one  or  more  from  a  number. 

Se,cure,  separated,  or  withdrawn  from  danger. 

Se,crecy,  a  state  of  separation  from  public  observation. 
super,  supra,  sur — denote  over ;  over  and  above ;  beyond 

Super,fine,  over  and  above  fine  ;  very  fine. 

Superficial,  being  on,  or  over  the  surface  ;  not  deep. 

Superstitious,  over  scrupulous  ;  over  exact. 

Supervision,  the  act  of  overseeing  ;  inspection. 

Supra,mundane,  over,  or  above  the  world. 

Surcharged,  overcharged, -as  clouds  with  electricity. 

Sur,mount,  to  rise  above ;  to  overcome. 

Surpass,  to  go  beyond  in  any  thing. 

Sur,feit,  to  be  overfed  with  meat,  or  drink. 
sex,  hex,  hexa — denote  six.     Hex  and  hexa,  are  Greek 

Sex,ennial,  lasting,  or  happening  once  in  six  years. 

Sex,tant,  the  sixth  part  of  a  circle  ;  an  instrument. 

Hexa,gon,  a  figure  of  six  sides  and  six  angles. 

Hexameter,  a  verse  containing  six  poetic  feet. 

Hex,androus,  in  botany,  having  six  stamens. 
soli,  mono — denote  one ;  alone. 

Soli,tude,  the  state  of  being  alone ;  a  lonely  life. 

Soliloquy,  a  talking  to  one's  self,  or  alone. 

Mono,theist,  a  believer  in  one  God  only. 

Monologue,  spoken  by  one  person  only. 

Monopoly,  the  sole  power  of  selling  certain  goods. 
sub,  subter — denote  under ;  below ;  after. 

B,  in  sub,  is  changed,  for  euphony,  to  c,  f,  o,  i»,  or  s, 

and  thus  forms  [sub. 

sue,  sup,  suo,  sup,  and  sus,  all  retaining  the  same  import  as 

Sub  duo,  to  oring  under,  as  by  COpqaagt. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  *l\\ 


I 


Sub,merge,  to  put  under  water ;  to  plunge. 

Suc,ceed,  to  follow  in  order  after ;  to  come  after. 

Suc,cumb,  to  submit,  or  to  sink  under,  unresistingly. 

Suf,fer,  to  undergo  pain  of  body,  or  mind. 

Suf,fix,  what  is  placed  after,  or  at  the  end  of  a  word. 

Sup,port,  to  hold  up,  by  something  underneath. 

Sus,tain,  to  bear  up,  and  keep  from  sinking. 

Subter,fluent,  flowing  underneath. 

Subter,fuge,  fleeing  under ;  an  artifice  for  concealment. 
semi,  hemi,  demi — denote  half. 

Semi,circle,  half  a,  circle.     Semiannual,  half  yearly. 

Semi,diameter.     Demi,wolf.     Hemisphere. 
sine — denotes  without. 

Sine,die,  without  fixing  a  day  for  adjournment. 

Sine,cure,  an  office  of  revenue  without  employ. 
trans,  ultra— denote  across;  beyond;  change;  through 

Transatlantic ,  across  the  Atlantic  ;  an  ocean. 

Ultra,montane,  beyond  the  mountain. 

Transparent,  capable  of  being  seen  through. 

Trans,gress,  to  go  across ;  to  violate  a  law. 

Translate,  to  render,  or  change  to  another  language. 

Trans,mute,  to  change  from  one  substance  to  another. 

Transplant,  to  remove  and  plant  in  another  place. 
tr i— denotes  three. 

Tri,angle,  a  figure  having  three  angles. 

Triennial,  occurring  once  in  three  years. 

Tri,florous,  bearing  three  flowers. 

Tri,colored,  having  three  colors,  as  the  French  flag, 
j  n  i— denotes  one. 

Uniform,  having  one,  or  the  same  form. 

Uni,ty,  the  state  of  being  one ;  sameness. 

Uni,verse,  the  entire  creation  as  one  whole. 


24  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 


PREFIXES    OF    GREEK    ORIGIN. 


The  Greek  word  constituting  the  prefix,  is  given  in  Roman  letter* 
inclosed  in  a  parenthesis.    The  Greek  preposition*  are  not  inclosed. 

a— denotes  privation;  destitute  of,  or  without. 

A,ch'romatic,  destitute  of  color.     Applied  to  a  telescope 

A,tbeism,  disbelief  of  the  existence  of  a  God. 

A,nonymous,  without  a  name  ;  nameless. 

A,cephalous,  without  a  head  ;  headless. 
ana — denotes,  again ;  against ;  back.    Used  in  various  sens'  % 

Ana,baptist,  one  who  re-baptizes,  or  baptizes  again. 

Analysis,  resolving  a  thing  back  to  its  elements 

Anatomy,  a  cutting  through,  or  dissecting. 
arch — (arche)  chipf;  sometimes  beginning. 

Arch,bishop,  chief  bishop,  or  principal. 

Arch,fiend,  the  chief  fiend,  or  foe. 

Arch,deacon,  the  chief,  or  principal  deacon. 
astro — (astron)  denotes  a  star. 

Astronomy,  the  science  of  the  stars. 

Astro,Pogy,  divining  or  foretelling  events  by  the  stars 

Astro^raphy,  a  treatise  on  the  stars. 
I7T0 — (autos)  denotes  one's  self 

Auto,graph,  a  person's  own  hand  writing. 

Auto,crat,  a  man  who,  by  himself  governs  a  nation. 

Auto,m'aton,  a  machine  seeming  to  move  itself 

Aulojp'&y,  personal  observation;  ocular  view. 
«.po,  aph — denote  from. 

Apo,gee,  the  moon's  greatest  distance  from  the  earth. 

Apostasy,  a  departure  from  the  faith. 

Apo,8'tle,  one  sent  forth;  a  disciple  of  Christ. 

Aph,el'ion,  a  planet's  greatest  distance  from  the  snn. 
iristo — (aristos)  denotes  the,  best ,   that  is,  nohlc  or  t  .hie* 


ENGLISH     LANOUAO  I.  25 

Aristocracy,  a  government  by  the  nobility. 
bio — (bios)  denotes  life. 

Biography,  the  written  life  of  a  person. 
biblio — (biblion)  denotes  a  book. 

Bibliography,  a  history,  or  description  of  books. 

Biblio,thecal,  belonging  to  a  library. 
cata — denotes,  against,  or  down.     It  has  various  meanings. 

Cata,baptist,  one  who  opposes  baptism. 

Cata,ract,  a  dashing  down  ;  a  waterfall. 

Cata,phonics,  the  doctrine  of  refected  sounds. 

Catastrophe,  a  final  event ;  a  disaster. 
choro — (choros)  denotes  a  place,  or  country. 

ChorOjg'raphy,  the  art  of  making  maps. 
chiro — (cheir)  denotes  a  hand. 

ChirOjg^aphy,  writing  with  one's  own  hand. 
chrono — (chronos)  denotes  time. 

Chronometer,  an  instrument  to  measure  time. 

Chrono,l'ogy,  the  science  of  time. 

Chron,icle,  a  record  of  facts  in  the  order  of  time. 

Chron,ic,  of  long  continuance,  as  a  disease. 
cosmo — (cosmos)  denotes  the  world. 

Cosmography,  a  description  of  the  world. 

Cosmogony,  a  treatise  on  the  creation. 

Cosmopolite,  a  citizen  of  the  world. 
dia — denotes  through. 

Diameter,  a  right  line  through  the  center  of  a  circle. 

Diagonal,  a  line  drawn  through  opposite  angles. 

Dia,phoretic,  promoting  perspiration  through  the  pores  of 
the  skin ;  sudorific, 
ois — denotes  bad,  or  difficult. 

Dys,pepsy,  difficulty  of  digestion. 

Dys,phony,  difficult!/  of  speaking. 

3 


26  ANALYSIS     OF     TBI 

,  dec — (delta)  and  Latin  decern,  denote  ten 

Deca,gon,  a  figure  having  ten  angles. 

Deca,logue,  the  ten  commandments. 

Decimal,  a  fraction  numbering  by  tenths. 

Deca,pode,  an  animal  having  ten  feet. 
£V— denotes  good  ;  well,  or  praise. 

Eu,peptic,  having  good  digestion. 

Eu,phony,  a  smooth  agreeable  sound. 

Eu,pathy,  a  state  of  right  feeling. 

Eu,logize,  to  praise,  or  give  commendation. 
kpi — denotes  in ;  on,  or  vpon. 

Epi,demic,  some  general  disease  on  the  people. 

Epi,lepsy,  seizing  on  suddenly,  as  a  fit. 

Epi,taph,  an  inscription  on  a  tombstone. 
kntomo — (entoma)  denotes  an  insect. 

Entomology,  a  treatise  descriljjng  insects. 

Entomo,lite,  a  petrified  insect. 
geo — (ge)  denotes  the  earth. 

Geo,g'raphy,  a  written  description  of  the  earth. 

Geo,l'ogy,  the  science  which  treats  of  the  structure  of  the 
earth,  its  minerals,  &c. 

Geometry,  the  measurement  of  the  globe  by  lines,  <fcc. 
homo — (homos)  denotes  like,  or  similar. 

Homogeneous,  of  the  same  kind,  or  qualities. 

Homologous,  sides,  or  angles  of  the  same  ratio. 
hetero — (heteros)  denotes  unlike,  or  differ??/?. 

Heterogeneous,  unlike  in  kind,  or  nature. 

Hetero,dox,  unlike  scripture  doctrines  ;  heresy. 
ta — (Latin  septem)  denotes  seven. 

Hepta,gon,  a  figure  having  seven  angles. 

Sept,en'nial,  occurring  once  in  seven  years. 

Septuple,  sevenfold  ;  seven  times  as  iDQch. 


ENGLI8H     LANGUAGE.  27 

helio — (helios)  denotes  the  sun. 

Heliocentric,  the  position  of  a  body,  as  seen  from  the 
center  of  the  sun. 

Helio,m'eter,  a  solar  instrument ;  a  micrometer. 
HYDRO-^(hudor)  denotes  water. 

Hydrology,  the  science  of  the  laws  of  water,  &c. 

Hydro,phobia,  dread  of  water ;  canine  madness. 

Hydropathy,  the  water-cure. 

Hydr,ant,  a  pipe  for  conveying  water. 

Hydrostatics,  the  science  of  fluids  at  rest. 

Hydra,  a  water  serpent ;  a  monster. 
hyper — (huper)  denotes  over;  excess;  beyond. 

Hyper.critical,  critical  beyond  use,  or  reason. 

Hyperbole,  an  exaggerated  expression. 

Hyper,oxyd,  that  which  has  an  excess  of  oxygen. 
hypo — (hupo)  denotes  under,  in  a  figurative  sense. 

Hypo,crite,  one  under  disguised  sentiments. 

Hypo,th'esis,  a  supposition  under  consideration. 

Hypochondria,  a  being  under  dejection  of  spirits. 
ichthyo — (ichthus)  denotes  a  fish. 

Ichthyology,  the  science  which  treats  of  fishes, 
lexico — (lexikon)  denotes  a  dictionary. 

Lexicographer,  a  writer  of  dictionaries. 
litho — (lithos)  denotes  a  stone. 

Lithography,  the  art  of  engraving  on  stone. 

LithOjFogy,  the  natural  history  of  stones. 

Litho,graph,  a  print  from  a  drawing  on  stone. 
ii eta — denotes  change  ;  beyond. 

Meta,morphose,  to  change  into  another  form. 

Meta,b'asis,  a  passing  from  one  thing  to  another. 

Meta,physics,  a  science  above,  or  beyond  physics 
mytho — (muthos)  denotes  a  fable. 


28  ANALYSIS     OP     THE 

Mytho,l'ogist,  a  writer  of  fables. 

Mythology,  a  system  of  fables. 
mso,  mis — (misos)  denote  hatred. 

Mis,anthropy,  hatred,  or  dislike  to  mankind. 

MisOjg'amist,  a  hater  of  marriage. 
osteo— (osteon)  denotes  a  bone. 

Osteology,  a  description  of  bones. 

Osteogeny,  *he  growth,  or  formation  of  bones. 
ortho — (orthus)  denotes  right ;  correct. 

Orthography,  the  writing  of  words  correctly 

Ortho,dox,  correct,  or  sound  in  the  faith. 

Ortho,epy,  a  correct  pronunciation  of  words. 

Ortho,l'ogy,  the  right  description  of  things. 
ornitho — (ornis,  ornithos)  denotes  a  bird,  or  fowl 

Ornithology,  the  science  of  birds. 
octo,  octa,  oct— (okto)  denote  eight. 

Octa,gon,  a  figure  having  eight  sides  and  eight  angles. 

Octa,vo,  a  book  in  which  a  sheet  makes  eight  leaves. 

Octo,ber,  the  eighth  month  of  the  Roman  year 

Oct,ant,  the  eighth  part  of  a  circle. 

Octo,nocular,*  having  eight  eyes. 
para — denotes  contrary  ;  beyond  ;  by  the  side  of. 

Para,dox,  a  tenet  contrary  to  received  opinions 

Parallel,  lying  side  by  side,   equidistant. 

Para,gon,  a  model  of  excellencies  ;  a  pattern 

Para,mount,  beyond  or  superior  to  all  others 
proto — (protos)  denotes  first,  or  chief 

Proto,martyr,  the  first  martyr. 

Proto,typ^.,  in  original,  or  chief  model. 

Protocol,  the  original  copy  of  any  writing. 
penta — (pe^e)   denotes  five . 

9  .Vis  inserted  for  tnphbi 


ENGLISH      LANOUAOB  29 

Pentagon,  a  figure  having  five  sides  and  Jive  angles. 

Penta,chord,  five  strings  ;  an  instrument  of  music. 

Penta,teuch,  the  Jive  books  of  Moses. 

Pentameter,  a  verse  having  Jive  poetic  feet. 
physico,  physio — (phusis,  phusicos)  denote  nature;  natural. 

Physico,logic,  logic  illustrated  by  natural  philosophy. 

Pkysio^nomy,  a  discerning  of  the  character  of  the  mind, 
by  the  natural  features  of  the  face. 
pyro — (pur)  denotes  Jire. 

Pyrotechnics,  the  art  of  making  jire- works. 

Pyro,rogy,  a  treatise  on  heat. 
poly — (polus)  denotes  many. 

Polysyllable,  a  word  of  many  syllables. 

Poly,glot,  a  book  containing  words  in  many  languages. 

Poly,pode,  an  animal  having  many  feet. 

Polytechnic,  comprehending  many  arts. 
philo,  phil — (philos)  denote  a  friend ;  love,  or  lover. 

Philosopher,  a  lover  of  wisdom. 

Philology,  a  love  of  words,  or  of  language. 

Philo.math,  a  lover  of  learning. 

Philanthropist,  a  lover  of  mankind. 
peri — denotes  around;  near,  or  nearest. 

Perijph'ery,  a  line  passing  round,  as  of  a  circle. 

Peri,od,  a  circuit,  or  revolution,  as  of  time. 

Peri,gee,  the  moon's  orbital  point  nearest  the  earth. 

Peri,helion,  a  planet's  orbital  point  nearest  the  sun. 
3YN,  syl,  sym,  sy — (sun)  denote  with;  together  with. 

Synthesis,  a  putting  of  things  together. 

Syllable,  letters  put  together  for  utterance 

Syn,agogue,  an  assembly  of  Jews  met  together  to  worship , 
a  house  for  their  worship. 

Sym,pathy,  accordance  in  feeling  with  others. 


30  ANALV8IS      OF      TUK 

System,  a  scheme  of  connected  parts  arranged. 

Synapsis,  a  collection  of  things  viewed  at  once. 
steno — (stenos)  denotes  narrow ;  brief;  short. 

Stenographer,  one  who  writes  sAorf-hand. 
stereo— (stereos)  denotes  solid ;  firm. 

Stereotype,  solid,  or  fixed  types  in  plates. 

Stereometry,  the  art  of  measuring  solid  bodies. 
topo— (topos)  denotes  a  place. 

Topo,g'raphy,  a  description  of  some  country,  or  place. 
theo — (Theos)  denotes  God. 

Theology,  the  science  of  God  and  divine  things. 

Theo,c'rasy,  a  government  specially  under  God. 
tvpo — (tupos)  denotes  type. 

Typographic,  pertaining  to  printing. 
zoo — (zo'on)  denotes  an  animal,  or  beast. 

Zoology,  the  natural  history  of  animals, 

PREFIXES    OF    SAXON    ORIGIN. 

all— denotes  most ;  wholly,  or  in  the  highest  degree. 

All-cheering,  most  cheering ;  as,  all-cheering  rews. 

All-abandoned,  wholly  abandoned  ;  forsaken. 

All-important,  important  in  the  highest  degree. 
after — denotes  later ;  latter,  or  following. 

After-noon,  the  part  of  the  day  which  follows  noon. 

After-part,  the  latter  part,  as  of  the  day,  or  night. 
be— denotes  nearness.     It  also  adds  intensity. 

Be-siege,  to  lay  siege  to  with  an  armed  force 

Be-deck,  to  adorn,  or  make  more  beautiful. 

Be-times  ;  in  good  season  ;  seasonably. 

Be-witch,  V  fascinate  by  charms. 
by— denotes  near ;  aside 


ENGLISH      LANGUAGE  31 

By-stander,  one  who  stands  near  by. 

By-path,  an  obscure  way  aside;  a  private  path. 

By-passage,  a  passage  one  side ;  private. 
fore — denotes  before,  or  in  front. 

Fore-tell,  to  tell  beforehand  ;  to  predict 

Fore-show,  to  show  beforehand  ;  to  foretell. 

Fore-side,  the  front  part,  or  side. 

Fore-stall,  to  take  beforehand ;  to  anticipate. 
out — denotes  beyond ;  excess. 

Out-reach,  to  extend,  or  reach  beyond. 

Out-number,  to  number  more ;  to  exceed. 

Out-run,  to  exceed  in  running;  to  run  faster. 

Out-general,  to  exceed  in  generalship. 
over — denotes  excess,  or  above,  in  place  or  rank 

Over-anxious,  too  much  anxiety,  or  excess. 

Over-balance,  excess  of  weight,  or  value. 

Over-load,  to  load  too  heavily ;  to  over-burden 

Over-do,  to  do,  or  perform  too  much. 
UP— denotes  rising  ;  sustaining. 

Up-lift,  to  raise,  or  elevate.     Up-root,  to  tear  up. 

Up-hold,  to  keep  up,  by  sustaining. 

Up-cast,  cast  up ;  thrown  upward. 

Up-heave,  to  heave,  or  lift  up  from  beneath. 
under — denotes  below;  beneath;  subordinate. 

Under-current,  a  current  beneath  the  surface. 

Under-agent,  a  subordinate  agent. 

Under-let,  to  lease,  or  let  below  the  value, 

Under-officer,  one  subordinate  in  rank. 
with — denotes  opposing,  or  restraining. 

With-stand,  to  oppose,  or  to  resist. 

With-hold,  to  restrain ;  to  keep  back 


32 


ANALYSIS     OF     THE 


< 

SECTION  IV. 

SYNOPSIS    1 

Or    THE    LATIN    PREFIXES. 

a  ab  abs 

From ;  away  from. 

ad  ac  af  ag  al  an  ap  i 

ar  as  at.               S 

To ;  toward  ;  closeness,  or  unit 

ambi. 

Both. 

amb  am  phi. 

Around,  or  to. 

ante. 

Before. 

ant  anti 

Opposite ;  against. 

bene. 

Good,  or  well. 

bi  bis. 

Two. 

cis. 

On  this  side. 

centu  centi  cent 

A  hundred. 

contra  contro  counter. 

Against ;  opposition  to. 

con  co  cog  com  col  cor, 

With ;  joined  with,  or  together 

circum. 

Around ;  about. 

de. 

From ;  depriving  of ;  down. 

di  dis  dif. 

Separating;  out  of ;  from. 

duo  du. 

Two ;  double. 

e  ex  ef  ec. 

Out;  out  of ;  from;  beyond. 

en  em. 

In,  or  upon. 

equi. 

Equal. 

extra. 

Beyond  ;  more  than  ;  excess. 

in  im  ig  il  ir. 

C  Not ;  with  adj.  and  adv. 
(  In  ;  into  ;  on  ;  with  verbs. 

inter. 

Between ;  among. 

intro. 

Within;  into;  unto. 

infra. 

Under;  below. 

juris 

Legal ;  lawful ;  right. 

juxta 

Near  by ;  nearness 

mis 

Wrong ;  erroneous 

ENOLI8H      LANGUA01. 


33 


male  ma  . 

Ill;  evil;  bad. 

multi. 

Many. 

manu. 

A  hand. 

non  ne  un. 

i  Not ;  with  adj.  and  adv. 
(  Undoing ;  with  verbs. 

noct. 

Night. 

ob  oc  of  op. 

In  front ;  against ;  toward ;  in,  or  on 

onmi  panto  pan. 

All. 

pleni. 

Full. 

preter. 

Beyond ;  past ;  more  than. 

post. 

After. 

pro. 

Fore  ;  forth ;  forward ;  out,  or  for. 

pre. 

Before  ;  forward ;  to  surpass. 

per. 

Through;  by;  very;  over. 

primo  prim. 

First;  original. 

quad  tetra. 

Four. 

re. 

Again ;  back ;  return. 

retro. 

Backward ;  back. 

se. 

Separation;  withdrawal. 

super  supra  sur. 

Over  and  above  ;  beyond. 

sex  hex  hexa.* 

Six. 

soli  mono. 

One ;  alone. 

sub  subter  sue  suf 
sup  sus. 

>  Under;  below;  after. 

semi  demi  hemi. 

Half. 

sine. 

Without. 

trans  ultra. 

Across ;  beyond  ;  change. 

tri. 

Three. 

uni. 

One. 

*  Hex  and  hexa,  are  of  Greek  origin. 


34 


ANAL  V  818     OF     THE 


SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    GREEK    PREFIXES. 


When  the  prefix  is  from 
man  letters,  and  enclosed  in 

a. 

ana. 

arch,  (arche) 

astro,  (astron) 

auto,  (autos) 

apo  aph. 

aristo.  (aristos) 

bio.  (bios) 

biblio.  (biblion) 

cata. 

choro.  (choros) 

chiro.  (cheir) 

chrono. (chronos) 

cosmo.  (cosmos) 

dia. 

dys. 

deca  dec.  (deka) 

eu. 

epi. 

entomo.  (entoma) 

geo.  (ge) 

homo,  (homos) 

hetero.  (heteros) 

hepta.  (Latin  sept  em) 

helio.  (helios) 

hydro,  (hudor) 

hyper,  (huper) 

hypo,  (hupo) 


a  Greek  toord,  such  word  is  given  in  Ro 
a  parenthesis. 

Privation ;  destitute  of ,  without. 

Again  ;  against ;  back. 

Chief;  beginning. 

A  star. 

One's  self. 

From. 

The  best;  viz.,  noble,  :r  nobles. 

Life. 

A  book. 

Against ;  down. 

A  place,  or  country. 

A  hand. 

Time. 

The  world. 

Through. 

Bad;   difficult. 

Ten. 

Good  ;  well ;  praise. 

In ;  on  ;  upon. 

An  insect. 

The  earth. 

Like  ;  similar. 

Unlike  ;  dissimilar. 

Seven. 

The  sun. 

Water. 

Over;  excess;  beyond. 

Under. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE. 


M 


ichthyo.  (ichtlius) 

lexico.  (lexikon) 

litho.  (lithos) 

meta. 

mytho.  (muthos) 

miso  mis.  (misos) 

osteo.  (osteon) 

ortho.  (orthos) 

ornitho.  (omithos) 

octo  octa  oct.  (okto) 

para. 

proto.  (protos) 

penta.  (pente) 

physico  physio,  (pliusis) 

pyro.  (pur) 

poly,  (polus) 

philo  phil.  (philos) 

peri. 

syn  syl  sym  sy.  (sun) 

steno.  (stenos) 

stereo,  (stereos) 

topo.  (topos) 

theo.  (Theos) 

typo,  (tupos) 

zoo  (z6on) 


A  fish. 

A  dictionary. 

A  stone. 

Change ;  beyond. 

A  fable. 

Hatred. 

A  bone. 

Right;  correct. 

A  bird  ;  a  fowl. 

Eight. 

Contrary ;  beyond. 

First;  chief. 

Five. 

Nature ;  natural. 

Fire. 

Many. 

Friend;  love;  lover. 

Around;  near. 

With ;  together  with. 

Narrow  ;  brief;  short. 

Solid;  firm. 

A  place. 

God. 

Type. 

An  animal ;  a  beast. 


SYNOPSIS    OF    SAXON    PREFIXES. 


all. 
after, 
be. 
by. 


Most;  wholly;  in  the  highest  degree 
Later  ;  latter  ;  following. 
Nearness.     Adding  intensity. 
Near ;  aside. 


M 


ANALYSIS     OF     THE 


fore. 

out. 

over. 

up. 

under. 

with. 


Before ;  in  front. 
Beyond;  excess. 
Excess  ;  above. 
Rising ;  sustaining. 
Below ;  beneath. 
Opposing ;  retaining. 


SECTION  V. 

CLASSIFICATION    OF    PREFIXES. 

In  the  subjoined  section,  the  prefixes  are  arranged  expressly  for  the 
convenience  of  such  teachers  as  rc*y  wish  their  class  to  answer  them 
in  concert  The  teacher  will  pronounce  each  prefix,  and  the  class,  in 
concert,  will  define  it 


ambi,   both, 
bio,   life, 
chrono,   time, 
duo,   two. 
dia,   through, 
deca,   ten. 
hepta,   seven, 
omni,   all. 
octo,   eight, 
pleni,   full, 
penta,   five, 
proto,   first, 
pyro,   fire, 
tetra,   four, 
mono,   one. 
para,   beyond, 
de,    from. 


manu,   the  hand, 
meta,    a  change, 
multi,   many, 
poly,   many, 
post,   after, 
pre,   before, 
steno,   short, 
zoo,   a  beast, 
biblio,   a  book, 
helio,   the  sun. 
ichthyo,   a  fish, 
osteo,   a  bone, 
ornitho,   a  fowl, 
physico,   nature, 
retro,   backward, 
contro,   opposition, 
col,    toother. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE. 


37 


uni,   one. 
Theo,    God. 
ad,   to. 
noct,   night, 
quad,   four, 
sex,   six. 
tri,   three, 
ante,   before, 
astro,   a  star, 
auto,   one's  self, 
amphi,    around, 
bene,    good  ;  well, 
chiro,   the  hand, 
choro,   some  place, 
cosmo,   the  world, 
contra,   against, 
circum,   around, 
extra,   beyond, 
equi,   equal, 
geo,   the  earth, 
hydro,   water, 
hyper,   over, 
intro,   within, 
inter,   between, 
infra,    below, 
juxta,   near  to. 
juris,   legal, 
litho,    a  stone, 
stereo,   solid, 
mytho,    a  fable. 


entomo,   an  insect. 

lexico,   a  dictionary. 

genea,   lineage. 

homo,   same  kind. 

hetero,   different  kinds. 

epi,   in,  or  on. 

soli,   alone. 

mono,   one ;  alone. 

ortho,   right ;  correct. 

preter,   past ;  beyond. 

super,   over ;  above. 

centu,   a  hundred. 

counter,   opposite. 

se,   separation. 

typo,   type  ;  figure. 

peri,   near ;  under  ;  about. 

ana,   again ;  back. 

aristo,   the  nobles. 

anti  ant,   against. 

bi  bis,   two  parts. 

hexa  hex,   six. 

miso  mis,  hatred. 

male  mal,   bad  ;  evil. 

philo  phil,   a  friend  ;  lover 

panto  pan,   all. 

trans  ultra,   across. 

apo  aph,   from ;  away  from 

non  ne  un,   not. 

di,  dis,   separation  ;  not. 

ob,   in  front ;  before. 


38 


BNOLISH     LANG  UAO  E. 


SECTION  VI. 

AN    EXERCISE    APPLYING    THE    DEFINITION    OF    PREFIXES. 

1.  Let  the  teacher  pronounce  the  word  to  which  the  prefix  is  to  be 
joined,  and  give  its  signification. 

2.  Let  him  next  pronounce  the  word  with  its  prefix  joined,  and  asl 
the  pupil  what  it  now  means,  and  why. 

8.  The  scholar  is  then  to  give  the  definition  ;  and  this  he  will  readily 
do,  if  he  knows  the  true  meaning  of  the  prefix. 


EXAMPLE. 

Teacher.     Potent  denotes   having   power. 
Pfempotent  mean  ? 


What    does 


Pupil.  Having  full  power, 

Teacher.  Why  ? 

Pupil.  Because  pleni,  means  full ;  and  potent,  having 

power. 

Teacher.  What  does  Omnipotent  mean  ? 

Pupil.  Having  all  power. 

Teacher.  Why  ? 

Pupil.  Because  ornni  means  all,  <fcc 

Teacher.  What  does  impotent  mean  ? 

Pupil.  Not  having  power. 

Teacher.  Why  ? 

Pupil.  Because  im,  prefixed  to  adjectives  and  adverbs, 

means  not,  &c. 

Note. — Frequently  exercising  pupils  on  the  following  words,  ac- 
cording to  the  above  example,  will  render  them  familiar  with  the 
common  import  of  the  prefixes,  and  prompt  in  their  just  application. 


im  omni  pleni. 
mis  pre  re. 
over  un 


EXERCISE. 

Potent,   having  power. 
Judge,  to  form  an  opinion. 
Lorul,   to  lay  on  a  burden. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE. 


N 


ante  mis  post, 
af  pre  post, 
ad  con  re. 
circum  subter. 
(lis  en  un. 
co  non  un. 
ec  geo  helio. 
col  ob  sub. 
bi  equi  multi. 
demi  hemi. 

dis  mono  poly. 

cis  trans, 
auto  bio  geo. 
a  pan  tri. 
over  sur  un. 
ab  dis  e. 
circum  per. 
op  juxta. 
a  octo  tri. 
self  pre  re. 
trans  ult/a. 
semidia  dia. 
bi  mal  uni. 
mis  self  un. 
inde  de  pro. 
chrono  hydro 
com  de  sup. 
deca  hexa  tetra 
dis  en  re. 
mis  pre  sell", 
bene  male. 


Date,   to  note  time. 

Fix,   to  set,  or  place. 

Join,   to  unite. 

Fluent,    a  flowing. 

Able,   having  power  to  do 

Essential,   necessary. 

Centric,   pertaining  to  the  center. 

Ligation,   the  act  of  binding. 

Lateral,   pertaining  to  the  side. 

Sphere,   a  globe,  or  ball. 
(  Syllable,   a  combination  of  letters,  utter- 
(  ed  by  one  impulse  of  the  voice. 

Atlantic,    an  ocean. 

Graphic,   a  writing,  or  describing. 

Theist,    a  believer  in  one  God. 

Charged,   loaded. 

Ruption,   a  bursting  ;  a  breach. 

Ambulate,   to  walk. 

Position,    situation ;  attitude. 

Petalous,  having  petals  or  ilower  leaves. 

Elected,    chosen. 

Marine,   pertaining  to  the  sea, 

Meter,   a  measure. 

Form,   shape ;  figure. 

Taught,   instructed. 

Pendent,   hanging  from. 

Meter,   a  measure. 

Press,   to  squeeze,  or  urge  by  force. 

Chord,   string  of  a  harp,  &c. 

Close,   to  shut. 

Opinion,   a  judgment  formed. 

Factor,    an  apent.  or  doer. 


40  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

SECTION  VII. 

EXPLANATION    OF    THE    SUFFIXES. 

A  suffix  is  a  letter  or  letters,  a  syllable  or  syllabiee,  ap- 
pended to  the  end  of  a  word,  to  add  force,  vary,  or  modify 
its  signification ;  thus, 

The  word  act  means  something  done,  or  to  do  something ; 
but  add  or,  and  it  becomes  actor,  and  means  the  person  who 
does  something. 

Imprison  means  to  confine  in  some  place  ;  but  add  ment, 
and  it  becomes  imprisonment,  and  implies  the  act  of  con- 
fining in  some  place. 

Such  terminations  as  or  and  ment,  in  the  above  examples, 
we  call  suffixes ;  and,  although  they  will  not  admit  of  as 
precise  definitions  as  the  prefixes,  yet  they  can  be  so  classed 
as  to  answer  the  general  purposes  of  defining  words. 

The  following  are  the  principal  suffixes  in  our  language, 
classified  and  defined,  according  to  their  general  import. 


THE    8UFFIXES    DEFINED    AND    EXEMPLIFIED. 

able,  ible — imply  that  may  be ;  can  be ;  capable  of  being  ; 
fit,  or  worthy  to  be. 
Audt&Ze,   that  may  be  heard,  or  can  be  heard. 
Payable,   that  may  be  paid,  or  can  be  paid. 
Movable,   that  may  be  moved,  or  can  be  moved. 
Tamable,   tha.  may  be  tamed,  or  capable  of  being  tamed. 
Flexible,   that  may  be  bent,  or  can  be  bent. 
Legible,   that  may  be  read,  or  can  be  read. 
Eligible,  fit  to  be  chosen,  or  worthy  to  be  chosen. 
ability,  ibility,  ableness,  ibleness — imply  the  property, 
or  quality  capable  of  being ;  the  state ;  the  capacity  of, 
or  the  susceptibility  of  being. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  41 

Compressioi/i/y,    the  quality  of  being  compressed. 
Divisibi/ity,    the  quality  of  being  divisible. 
Inflammao/ene^,   the  capacity  of  taking  fire. 
Desirableness,   the  quality  of  being  desirable. 
Miserableness,   the  state  of  being  miserable. 
Mutability,    susceptibility  of  change. 
Durability,   the  property  capable  of  lasting. 
Pitiableness,   state  deserving  of  compassion. 

*NCE,  ANCY,  ENCE,  ENCY,  ION,  MENT — imply  the  act   of;    the 

result  of;  the  vtate ;  the  state  of  being  ;  the  thing,  or 
that  which. 
Dependence,   )    a  state  o/lianging  down  from  a  supporter , 
Dependency,   )  reliance  ;  trust. 

Emergence,   )   the  act  of  rising  out  of,  as  out  of  water ; 
Emergency,   J  an  occurrence  not  expected. 

Contrivance,   the  act  of  planning  ;  the  thing  planned. 
Compliance,   the  act  of  complying,  or  willingness. 
Navigation,   the  act  of  sailing,  or  the  state  fit  for  sailing. 
Union,   the  act  of  joining,  or  the  state  of  being  joined. 
Progression,   the  aet  of  moving  forward  ;  an  advance. 
Immersion,   the  act  of  plunging  into,  or  the  state  of,  &c. 
Concession,   the  act  of  yielding ;  the  thing  yielded. 
Confinement,   the  state  of  being  confined. 
Debasement,   the  act  of  debasing,  or  a  state  of,  &c. 
Excitement,   the  act  of  exciting ;  the  state  of,  Ac. 
Commitment,   the  act  of  committing,  or  the  state  of,  Ac. 
Consignment,  the  act  of  consigning,  or  the  thing  consigned. 
Amusement,   that  which,  or  the  thing  which,  amuses. 
iNT,  ent — imply  the  person  who,  or  the  thing  which,  when 
the  word  is  a  noun. 
Defendant,   the  person  who  defends. 
President,    the  man  who  presides  over. 


42  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

Deponent,   the  person  who  makes  a  deposition. 

Combatan/,    one  who  contends  with  another. 

Delinquent,   one  who  fails  to  do  his  duty. 

Supplian/,    one  who  entreats  submissively. 

Expectant,   one  who  waits  in  expectation  of. 

Inhabitant,   one  who  has  a  fixed  residence  in. 
4N  p,  ent — require  the  defining  word  to  end  in  ing,  or  a  pres 
ent  participle,  when  the  word  is  an  adjective. 

Abstine*/,   refraining  from  indulgence. 

Confide/if,    having  full  belief;  trusting. 

Efficient,    causing  eflfeCts  ;  producing. 

Deficit,   wanting;  defective. 

Refulgent,    shining,  or  casting  a  light. 

Coherent,   sticking,  or  cleaving  together. 

Coincident,   falling,  or  meeting  on  the  same  point. 

Circumfluent,    flowing  around  ;  surrounding. 

Coexistent,    existing  at  the  same  time. 

Evanescent,   vanishing ;  passing  away. 

Indulgent,   yielding  to  the  wishes  of  others. 

Reluctant,    striving  slightly  against ;  unwilling. 
*c,  ic,  al,  ary — imply  pertaining  to;  belonging  to;  relating 
to,  or  consisting  of. 

Demoniac,  pertaining  to  demons,  or  evil  spirits. 

Elegiac,    belonging  to  elegy,  a  mournful  poem. 

Organic,  pertaining  to  an  organ,  or  organs. 

Domestic,    belonging  to  the  house,  or  home. 

Romantic,  pertaining  to  romance  ;  fanciful. 

Academic,   belonging  to  an  academy. 

Arteria/,  pertaining  to  an  artery,  or  arteries. 

Imperial,  pertaining  to  an  empire,  or  emperor. 

Nomina/,   pertaining  to  a  name,  or  names. 

Patrimonia/,  pertaining  to  a  patrimony. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  43 

Provincial,  pertaining  to  a  province. 

Materia/,  consisting  of  matter ;  not  spiritual. 

Planetary,  pertaining  to  the  planets. 

Literary,  pertaining  to  letters,  or  literature. 

Numerary,   belonging  to  a  certain  number. 

Perusa/,*  the  act  of  perusing,  or  reading  with  care. 

RefusaZ,  the  act  of  refusing,  or  denying. 

RemovaZ,  the  act  of  moving  to  another  place. 

HenewaZ,  the  act  of  renewing,  or  forming  anew. 
ate — This  suffix  requires  the  particle  to,  to  be  prefixed  to 
the  defmer  ;  thus, 

Illustrate,  to  make  clear ;  to  explain. 

Tolerate,   to  suffer  to  be  :  to  allow  :  to  permit 

Cultivate,  to  till ;  to  manure  ;  to  improve. 

Vindicate,   to  defend  ;  to  justify  ;  to  avenge 

Exterminate,  to  destroy  utterly ;  to  root  out. 

Obliterate,!  to  efface  ;  to  expunge  ;  to  blot  out. 
dom,  ric — imply  jurisdiction,  or  possession. 

Duke dom,  the  possessions  of  a  duke. 

KingJom,  the  territory  subject  to  a  king. 

Bishopry,  the  jurisdiction  of  a  bishop. 
en — implies  made  of;  consisting  of  or  resembling,  when  suf- 
fixed to  nouns. 

Birchen,   made  of  birch,  or  consisting  of  birch. 

*  When  al,  is  suffixed  to  a  word,  which,  before  its  addition,  was  a 
verb,  it  denotes  the  act  of. 

f  Most  words  ending  in  ate,  are  verbs,  and  may  very  generally  be 
defined  like  the  above,  by  a  synonymous  verb  in  the  infinitive  mode. 
The  few  of  that  termination  which  are  adjectives,  commonly  denote 
quality,  or  state;  as,  Effeiuinate,  having  the  qualities  of  the  female 
sex :  Illiterate,  the  state  of  being  unlearned.  Some  few  are  nouns ;  as. 
Candidate. 


44  ANALY8IS     nr     T  H  fc 

Earthen,   made  of  earth,  or  clay. 

vlaxen,   made  o/*flax  ;  resembling  flax. 

Golden,  made  of,  or  consisting  of  gold  ;  like  gold. 

Hempen,    made  of  or  consisting  of  hemp. 

Waxen,   made  o/*,  or  consisting  o/wax. 
en — implies  Jo  ma£e,  when  suffixed  to  adjectives. 

Brighten,    to  make  bright,  or  brighter. 

Soften,    to  make  soft,  or  softer. 

Sharpen,    to  make  sharp,  or  sharper. 

Weaken,   to  make  weak,  or  weaker. 

Strengthen,    to  make  strong,  or  stronger. 

Lengthen,    to  make  longer ;  to  extend. 
ful,  ose — imply  full  of  or  abounding  with. 

Careful,  full  o/care  ;  giving  good  heed. 

Fruitful,   abounding  with  fruit ;  productive. 

Verbose,    abounding  with  words  ;  wordy. 

Play/w/,  Hopeful,  Spiteful,  Distrust/uZ,  Operose,  &c. 
hood,  ship — imply  state ;  office,  or  quality. 

Manhood,   the  state  of  being  a  man. 

Womannood,   state,  or  qualities  of  a  woman. 

Childnood,   the  state  of  being  a  child. 

PriestAood,   the  office  of  a  priest. 

Professorship,   the  office  of  a  professor. 

Lordship,   the  state,  or  quality  of  being  a  lord. 

Partnership,   a  state  of  connection  in  business. 

Hardi hood,   the  quality  of  being  bold. 
ize,  fy,  fit,  fic,  ferous — imply  to  make,  or  to  become ;  pro- 
ducing, or  causing. 

Equalise,    to  make  equal,  or  to  produce  equality. 

Legalise,    to  make  lawful ;  to  authorize. 

Tranquilise,  to  make  calm,  or  peaceful 

Crystal  ize,    to  cause  to  form  crystals. 

Sancti/y,    to  make  pure,  or  holy. 


ENGLISH     LANOUAOI.  45 

Simpli/y,    to  make  simple,  or  plain. 

Beauti/y,    to  make  happy,  or  cause  to  be  happy. 

Solidi/y,    to  make  solid,  or  compact. 

Terrific,   causing  terror,  fear,  or  dread. 

Somni/ic,  producing  pleep. 

Calori/ic,    the  quality  of  producing  heat. 

Floriferous,  producing  flowers. 

Melliferous,  producing  honey. 

Ba.cciferous,  producing  berries. 
it  if,  cy — imply  the  state  of  being ;  quality,  or  power. 

Sterility,    the  state  of  being  unproductive. 

Tranquility,  the  state  of  being  calm;  composed. 

Security,    a  state  of  being  secure  ;  in  a  safe  state. 

Hostility,   the  state  o/*war,  or  private  enmity. 

Celibacy,    a  state  of  single  life  ;  unmarried. 

Supremacy,    the  state  of  being  supreme. 

Intimacy,    the  state  of  being  familiar  with. 

Elasticity,   the  power  of  springing  back.* 
ish — implies  like,  or  similar  to,  when  suffixed  to  nouns. 

ChildisA,    like  a  child,  or  similar  to  a  child. 

FoohsA,    like  a  fool,  or  similar  to  a  fool. 

BrutisA,    like,  a  brute,  or  similar  to  a  brute. 

Clowm.sA,    like  a  clown,  or  similar  to  a  clown. 

BoytiA,    like  a  boy,  or  similar  to  a  boy. 

MuhsA,    like  a  mule  ;  sullen  ;  stubborn. 

Fopp/.v/r,    like  a  fop  ;   vain  of  dress. 

WaggisA,    like  a  wag ;  mischievous   n  sport. 

QiliifA,    like  a  girl ;  befitting  a  girl. 

*  Words  ending  in  ityy  may  be  defined  by  suffixing  tum,  to  a  syn- 
onymous definer;  thus,  Concavity,  hollown^M;  Celerity,  quickn***; 
Velocity,  swiftn^a ;  Temerity,  rashn*** ;  Acidity,  sourn^M ;  Edacity, 
greedinm;  Audacity,  boldn**«,  Ac 


46  ANALYSIS     0*'     THE 

is ii — is  equivalent  to  somewhat,  implying,  in   some  degree 

when  suffixed  to  adjectives.* 
DampisA,   somewhat  damp,  or  moist. 
Coolie,   somewhat  cool,  or  cool  in  some  degree. 
Greenish,   somewhat  green,  or  grten  in  some  degree. 
SourisA,    somewhat  sour,  or  sour  in  some  degree. 
DarkisA,    somewhat  dark  ;  dusky. 
ReddisA,   somewhat  red,  or  red  in  some  degree. 
ve — implies  tending  to,  or  the  power  of;  relating  to,  o    the 

nature  of;  sometimes  containing,  or  quality.] 
Delusive,    tending  to  deceive  ;  deceptive. 
Impressive,    tending  to  make  an  impression. 
Preventive,    tending  to  hinder ;  hindering. 
Dissuasive,    tending  to  dissuade,  or  turn  from. 
Subversive,    tending  to  subvert,  or  overthrow. 
Creative,    having  power  to  create,  or  make. 
Productive,    having  the  power  of  producing. 
Compulsive,    having  the  power  to  compel. 
Diffusive,    having  the  quality  of  diffusing. 
Attractive,    having  the  quality  of  attracting. 
Destructive,    causing  destruction. 
Exhortative,    containing  exhortation. 
Defective,    containing  defects  ;  wanting, 
ics — implies  the  science,  doctrine,  or  art  of 

Acoustics,    the  science  of  sounds,  teaching  their  cause 
Optics,    the  science  which  treats  of  light. 
Ethics,    the  doctrines  of  morality  ;  moral  science. 
Technics,    the  doctrine  of  arts  in  general. 

♦  In  a  few  instances,  ixh  implies  nation, iIU>/ ;  as,  BttgXfcfc,  Bfanfch, 
Danish,  Turkish,  Jewish,  <fcc. 

f  In  some  few  cases,  ive  implies  a  person  ;  as,  Executive,  the  w%m 
who  administers  the  government ;  Representative,  one  who  acts  as  an 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  4; 

Pneumatics,    the  science  of  elastic  fluids,  as  air. 
ri.E — implies  pertaining,  or  belonging  to;  easily. 

Puerile,  pertaining  to  boys,  or  youth. 

Juvenile,  pertaining  to,  or  suited  to  youth. 

Mercantile,  pertaining  to  commerce. 

InfantiVe,  pertaining  to  infancy,  or  to  an  '.nfant. 

Docile,    easily  instructed  ;  teachable. 

Fragile,   easily  broken  ;  liable  to  fail ;  brittle. 

Flexile,   easily  bent ;  that  which  can  be  bent. 
ism — implies  doctrines  ;  principles ;  state  ;  opinions  ;  practice, 
or  peculiar  to. 

Calvinism,    the  doctrines  of  Calvin. 

Materialism,    the  doctrine  of  materialists. 

Puritanism,   the  principles  of  the  puritans. 

Deism,    the  doctrine,  or  creed  of  a  deist. 

Fatalism,    the  doctrine  of  fate,  or  necessity. 

Heathenism,    the  state  of  being  ignorant  of  God 

Modernisms,    recent,  or  modern  practices. 

Gallicism,  peculiar  to  the  French  language. 

Anglicism,  peculiar  to  the  English  language. 
less — implies  without,  or  destitute  of. 

Hope/ess,    without  hope,  or  destitute  of  hope. 

Fear/ess,    without  fear,  or  destitute  of  fear. 

Motionfess,    without  motion  ;  at  rest. 

Comfort/ess,    without  comfort ;  miserable. 

Sleepless,   without  sleep  ;  having  no  sleep. 
lv — implies  like,  or  similar  to,  when  suffixed  to  a  nouc 

Saint/y,    like  a  saint.     Ghost/y,    like  a  ghost. 

ManZy,    like  a  man.     Prince ly,   like  a  prince. 

Friend/y,    like  a  friend  ;  similar  to  a  friend. 

Coward/y,    like  a  coward  ;  timid  ;  fearful. 

Neighborly,    like  a  neighbor  ;  kind  ;  civil. 


48  ANALYSIS      OK      THE 

lv  — implies  tit  a — manner ',  when  suffixed  to  an  adjective. 

Neat/y,    in  a  neat  manner ;  with  neatness. 

Faint/y,    in  a  faint  manner ;  feebly. 

Forcib/y,    tit  a  forcible  manner ;  powerfully. 

Silent/y,    tit  a  silent  manner ;  without  noise. 

Rough/y,    tit  a  rough  manne*  ;  uncivilly. 

Plain/y,    in  a  plain  manner  ;  sincerely. 

Blind/y,  in  a  blind  manner  ;  without  sight. 

Proud/y,    tit  a  proud  manner  ;  haughtily. 

Sober/y,    in  a  sober  manner ;  seriously. 

Prudent/y,    xn  a  prudent  manner ;  discreetly. 

GracefulZy,    in  a  graceful  manner ;  elegantly. 

Quiet/y,    in  a  quiet  manner ;  calmly. 

Discreet/y,    in  a  discreet  manner ;  prudently. 

Modest/y,    in  a  modest  manner  ;  decently. 
vess — implies  an  abstract  quality*  or  a  state  of. 

Softness 9   the  quality  of  easily  yielding  to  pressure. 

Limbernew,   the  quality  of  being  easily  bent. 

Mmliftfff,    the  qualities  of  a  man  ;  dignity. 

Mellowness,   the  quality  of  being  soft ;  softness. 

Bitterness,   the  quality  which  excites  a  biting  sense 

Rednes*,    the  quality  of  being  red  ;  blood  color. 

Brightness,   the  quality  of  being  bright. 

Goodness,    the  quality  of  being  good. 

Soundness,   the  state  of  being  sound. 

Faintness,    the  state  of  being  faint. 

Lameness,   the  stile  of  being  lame. 

Remoteness,    the  state  of  being  remote  ;  far  oil*. 

*  Hound,  is  having  the  form  of  a  circle ;  and  round  not*;  is  the 
abstract  quality  of  such  a  figure,  without  reference  to  any  thing  tc 
which  it  applies,  whether  a  wheel,  a  globe,  an  apple,  or  whatever  mav 
oave  that  form. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  49 

DRY — implies  containing  ;  tending  to ;  a  place ;  power  of* 

Mandatory,    containing  a  command. 

Explanatory,    containing  an  explanation. 

Promissory,    containing  a  promise. 

Admonitory,    containing  an  admonition. 

Inflammatory,    tending  to  inflammation. 

Consolatory,    tending  to  give  comfort. 

Derogatory,    tending  to  lessen  in  reputation. 

Observatory,    a  place  for  observation. 

Laboratory,    a  place  for  chemical  experiments. 

Depository,    a  place  where  deposits  are  made. 

Dilatory,    tending  to  delay  ;  tardy  ;  slow. 

Compulsory,    having  power  to  compel, 
ous — implies  containing;  partaking  of;  consisting  of ;  fuU 
ofy  or  relating  to. 

Slanderous,    containing  slander ;  reproachful. 

Humorous,    containing  humor  ;  exciting  laughter. 

Villanous,   partaking  of  villany  ;  very  vile. 

Resinous,   partaking  of  resin  ;  like  resin. 

Invidious,   partaking  of  envy;  provoking  envy. 

Amphibious,    partaking  of  two  natures. 

Ponderous,   partaking  of  weight ;  very  heavy. 

Murderous,    consisting  in  murder  ;  cruel. 

Numerous,    consisting  of  numbers  ;  many. 

Bilious,    consisting  of  bile  ;  partaking  of  btlt 

Miscellaneous,    consisting  nf  various  topics. 

Clamorous,  full  of  noise  ,  vociferous;  noisy. 


*  Words  ending  in  oryy  as  a  tmjfix%  may  he  very  w»»ll  «l**fined  by  join 
ing  ing,  to  that  form  of  the  wonl  wrlm-h  remain*  afu-r  dropping  orif, 
with  those  changes  of  letters  raqiiin*]  I  v  that  tfrmimitinn .  \\i\.\  IY«> 
hil.itory,  prohibit/ftp,  rwiamtnn  ■  !••••!  ••■•  R*|>1afiiit««rj  -xjlair- 
iiig ;  Promissory,  proniiatiip,  <fcc 

a 


50  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

Mischievous,  full  of  mischief ;  inclined  to  injure. 

Tumultuous,  full  of  tumult;  disorderly. 

Populous,  full  of  people  ;  abounding  with  people, 
oi  d — implies  resembling. 

Varioloid,   a  disease  resembling  small-pox. 

Asteroid,   a  small  planet  resembling  a  star. 

Spenoid,   resembling  a  wedge,  as  to  form. 

Typhoid,    a  fever  resembling  typhus  fever. 
some — implies  possessing  a  degree  of;  quality  of  or  causing 

Handsome,  possessing  a  degree  of  beauty. 

Gladsome,    causing  a  degree  ofpy  ;  joyful. 

Troublesome,  causing  trouble,  or  disturbance  ;  annoying. 

Burdensome,  causing  uneasiness,  or  fatigue. 

Wholesome,  possessing  a  healthful  quality. 

Wearisome,   causing  weariness,  or  fatigue. 
ed — is  a  verbal  and  participial  termination,  implying  past 

time  of  action.     It  expresses  its  own  meaning;  yet,   it 

may  sometimes  be   made   more  explicit  by  adding  was,  or 

did,  to  the  past  tense  of  the  verb ;   as,  I  walked ;  mean- 
ing I  did  walk. 
iso — is  a  participial  termination,  implying  a  time  of  progres- 
sive action ;  and  may  be  rendered  with  direct  reference 

to  that  time,  continuing  to. 
ino — is  also  frequently  used   to   express '  some  article,  or 

thing;  as, 

Clothing,    Shipping-,    Sheeting,    Vesting,    Carpeting. 

AST,  ER,  ESS,  EE,  EER,  IAN,  1ST,  ITE,  IX,  OR,  RESS,  SAN,  ZEN 

imply  a  person,  or  thing,  when  used  as  suffixes,  er,  how- 
ever, has  many  exceptions,  as  occurring  in  the  compar- 
ison of  adjectives.  Some  of  the  others,  also,  have  a  few 
exceptions.  ess  and  ix,  always  denote  the  feminine 
gender. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE  51 

Baker,    one  whose  occupation  is  to  bake. 

Enthusiast,   a  person  of  ardent  zeal  in  some  cause. 

Auctioneer,    the  person  who  sells  at  auction. 

Historian,    a  writer,  or  compiler  of  history. 

Poetess,  Trustee,  Moralist,  Parasite,  Executr/x,  Instructor 

Seamstress,  Artisan,  Denizen,  all  imply  persons. 
Ait,  ard,  ado,  ster,  ate,  oso — in  some  few  cases,  imply  a 

person ;  as,  in 
Beggar,  Drunkard,  Bravado,  Teams/er,  Candidate,  Virtu- 
oso, Coward,  Wizard,  &c. 
cle,  et,  kin,  ling,  let,  lle — in  many  cases,  imply  /i///e, 

or  young ;  as,  in 
VersicJe,  a  little  verse  ;  Turret,  a  little  tower ;  LambAin,  a 

little   lamb ;    Duckling,   a   little   duck ;    Fillet,  a  little 

band  ;   Globule,  a  little  globe,  &c. 
ery — as  a  suffix,  frequently  implies  an  art,  or  practice ;  as,  in 

Cookery,  Quackery,  Witchery,  Surgery,  Gunnery,  <fcc. 
ery — sometimes  implies  a  place  where  something  is  made, 
or  done  ;  as,  in 

Brewery,  Fishery,  Tannery,  Grocery,  Nursery,  Sic. 
r — as  a  suffix  to  monosyllables,  implies  some,  or  abundance 
of;  as,  in 

Rainy,  some  rain,  or  abundance  o/*rain. 
Grassy,   Hilly,   Sandy,    Shady,    Frosty,   Marshy,   Dewy, 

Fleshy,  Slimy,  Faulty,  Spicy,  Curly,  Shaggy,  <fcc. 

Note. — It  must  be  remembered  that  the  foregoing  definitions  to  the 
suffixes,  can  not  be  expected  precisely  to  meet  every  case  in  the  lan- 
guage; but,  from  careful  examination  of  some  thousands  of  words,  it 
is  believed  they  will  answer  all  the  common  purposes  of  defining ;  and, 
generally,  enable  the  pupil  clearly  to  perceive  the  several  modifications 
of  impf  rt>  produced  by  their  combinations  with  the  primitive  word. 


62 


able  ible. 
ability  ibility. 
ableness  ibleness 
ance  ancy  ion     ) 
ence  ency  ment.  ) 
ant  ent. 

ac  ic  al  ary. 

dom  ric. 
en. 

ful  ose. 
hood  ship. 


ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

SECTION  VIII. 

SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    SUFFIXES. 

That  may  be  ;  can  be  ;  capable  of  being 
)  The  property,  or  quality  capable  of  be- 
)  ing ;  the  state,  or  susceptibility  of  being. 

The  act  of;  the  state  ;  the  state  of  be- 
ing, or  the  thing. 

The  person  who,  or  thing  which. 

{Pertaining  to  ;  belonging  to  ;  relating  to ; 
consisting  of. 
Jurisdiction  ;  possession. 
Made  of;  consisting  of,  or  to  make,  <fcc. 
Full  of ;  abounding  with. 
State  ;  office  ;  quality. 


ize  fy  fit  fie  ferous.    To  make,  or  become. 


ity  cy. 

ish  ly. 

ive. 

ics  ism. 

ile. 

less. 

ness. 

ory. 

ous. 

some. 

ast  er  ess  ee  eer 

ian  ist  ite  ix  or 

ress  san  zen. 

ar  ard  ado  ster  ) 


oso  ate.  ) 

kin  et  ling  let  ule.      Little,  ot  young. 


The  state  of  being  ;  quality ;  power. 
Like  ;  similar  to  ;  somewhat. 
Tending  to  ;  relating  to  ;  power  of. 
The  science ;  art  of;  doctrine ;  state,  <fcc 
Pertaining  to  ;  easily. 
Without;  destitute  of. 
The  abstract  quality,  or  state 
Containing  ;  tending  to  ;  place. 
Containing  ;  partaking  of ;  full  of. 
Possessing  a  degree  of;  causing. 

Commonly  imply  the  person,  or  thing. 
Sometimes  denote  I  person. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  53 

SECTION  IX. 

RULES    FOR    FORMING    DERIVATIVE    WORDS. 

Rule  1.     Final  e,  must  be  dropped  before  the  addition 
of  a  syllable,  or  suffix  beginning  with  a  vowel ;  as, 
blame  guide  recite  globe 

blamable  guidance  recital  globular 

Exception.     Words  ending  in  ge,  or  ce,  commonly  retain 
0  final,  before  able  and  ous ;  as, 

peace  charge  change  notice 

peaceable       chargeable       changeable       noticeable. 
Rule  2.     Final  e,  is  retained  before  ly,  less,  ness,  ful, 
and  some ;  and  generally  before  ment ;  as, 

wise  hope  base  peace 

wise/y  hopeful  baseness  peaceless 

state  blithe  noise  grace 

statement        blithesome         noiseless         graceful 
Exception.     Awe,  argue,  due,  true,  lodge,  judge,  abridge, 
whole,  and  acknowledge,  do  not  retain  e ;  as, 

awe  due  argue  awe 

avrful  duty  argument  awfew 

Rule    3.     When   the   letter   y,   terminates   a   primitive 
word,  or  occurs  as  the  final  letter  in  any  of  the  derivative 
forms,  and  in  either  case  another  letter  or  suffix  is  added,  y 
is  commonly  changed  into  i,  except  before  ing ;  as, 
comely  fury  merry 

comeliness  furious  merrimettt 

mercy  jolly  holy 

merciful  jollity  holiness 

Exception  1.     Y,  is  sometimes  changed  into  e;  as, 
duty  beauty  pity  plenty 

duteous  beauteous  piteous  plenteous 


betray 

annoy 

betrayed* 

annoyance 

delay 

convey 

delaying 

conveyaZ>/e 

54  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

Exception  2.  When  y,  is  preceded  by  a  vowel  in  the 
same  syllable,  except  in  lay,  say,  and  pay,  it  remains  un- 
changed ;  as, 

boy 

boyish 

play 

playing 

Rule  4.     Y,  is  never  changed  when  followed  by  ing ,  a*? 
fly  try  deny  comply 

flying  trying  denying  complying 

Rule  5.  Verbs  ending  in  ie,  change  those  letters  into  y, 
before  ing;  as, 

die  tie  vie  belie 

dying  tying  yying  belying 

Rule  6.  Monosyllables,  and  words  accented  on  the  last 
syllable,  ending  with  a  single  consonant,  preceded  by  a  short 
vowel,  double  that  consonant  before  an  additional  syllable, 
beginning  with  a  vowel ;  as, 

gun  pet  rob  snap 

gunner  petted  robber  snappish 

Rule  7.  Monosyllables  ending  with  a  single  consonant 
preceded  by  a  digraph,  or  diphthong,  do  not  double  the 
consonant  in  their  derivatives  ;  as, 

chief  clear  aid  ail 

chiefly  clear/y  hiding  ailment 

Exception.  If,  in  forming  the  derivatives,  one  letter  of 
the  digraph  is  dropped,  the  consonant  is  sometimes  doubled ; 
as,  appeal,  appellant ;  fail,  fallible. 

Note.  The  verbs  befall,  install,  miscall,  recall,  forestall,  inthrall, 
foretell,  distill,  instill,  fulfill,  retain  both  consonants.  Such  words  as 
end  in  dd,  ff,  ss,  also  retain  both  in  their  derivatives ;  as,  odd,  odd- 
stiff,  stiffly;  bliss,  bliss/u/;  hiss,  hissing. 


ENGLISH     LANOUAOE.  || 

Rule  8.     When  t,  or  s,  precedes  e  final,  in  such  words 
is  admit  ion,  e  is  dropped  and  ion  added  ;  as, 

legate  promote        dilate  diffuse 

legation  promotion     dilation  diffusion 

Rule  9.     Many  words  in  ate,  drop  te,  and  either  take  ble 
or  cy ;  as, 

estimate  agitate  accurate         delicate 

estimao/e         agitao/c         accuracy         delicacy 
Rule   10.     Y,  before  the  suffixes,  ous,  al,  and  able,  is 
changed  to  i,  and  commonly  retained  ;  as, 

rely  deny  injury 

reliable  denial  injurious 

Note. — The  exceptions  are  few,  and  rarely  increase  the  number  of 
syllables  in  the  word ;  as,  mutiny,  mutino**. 

Rule  11.     Most  words  ending  in^y,  change  y,  into  t,  and 
take  cation ;  as, 

deify  fortify  notify 

deification  fortifico/ton  notification 

Exception.     A  few  words  ending  in  ft/,  drop  y,  and  take 
action ;  as, 

stupefy  tumefy  petrify 

stupefaction  tumefac/ion  petrifac/ion 

Rule   12.      Many  words  ending  t*c,  drop  e,  and  take 
ation ;  as, 

legalize  civilize  generalize 

legaliza/ion  civilizo/ton  generaliza/ion 

Note. — Some  few  words  also,  not  ending  in  ize,  take  ation  ;  as, 
ssnse  form  inflame 

sensation  forma/ton  inflan  motion 


56  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

SECTION  X. 

AN    EXERCISE    IN    FORMING    DERIVATIVES    BY  SUFFIXE9. 

The  following  exercises  are  specimens  of  the  manner  in  which  deriv 
ative  words  are  formed  by  suffixes;  and,  they  also  exemplify  the  pre 
ceding  rules.  The  hyphen  (-)  shows  that  each  suffix,  consecutively 
one  by  one,  is  to  be  united  with  its  primitive,  or  the  word  thus  used, 
thereby  forming  the  several  derivatives ;  as, 

1.  Help-ed-er-ing-ful-less.     2.  Mix-ed-er-ing-ture-able. 
When  thus  combined,  form  the  words, 

1.  Helped,     Helper,     Helping,     Helpful,     Helpless. 

2.  Mixed,      Mixer,      Mixing,       Mixture,    Mixable. 

Note. — The  termination  ed,  in  the  past  tense  and  participles  of 
verbs,  retains  the  vowel  e,  in  this  work,  for  the  sake  of  showing  the 
orthography;  but,  in  customary  pronunciation,  this  vowel  is  omitted, 
except  after  a\  and  t ;  as,  in  Mixed,  Wished,  Loved,  pronounced,  Mixt, 
Wiiht,  Lovd. 

1.  Exercise  in  forming  derivatives  by  suffixes. 

Tax-ed-er-ing.  Talk-ed-er-ing. 

Wish-ed-er-ing.  Nail-ed-er-ing. 

2.  Exercise.     See  Rules  1st  and  2d  with  their  exceptions, 

Bakc-ed-er-ing.  Skate-ed-er-ing. 

Trade-ed-er-ing.  Taste-ed-er-ing. 

3.  Exercise.     See  Rule  1st. 

Admire-able-ability.  Difluse-ible-ibility. 

Improve-able-ability.  Infuse-ible-ibihty. 

4.  Exercise.     See  exception  2d  under  Rule  3d. 

Obey-ed-ing.  Annoy-ed-ing. 

Delay-ed-ing.  Destroy-cd-ing. 

5.  Exercise.     See  Ruin  3d. 

Glory-ous-ously.  Melody-ous-ously. 

Envy-ous-ously.  Penury-ous-ously. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE. 


57 


6.  Exercise.  See  1st  exception  under  Rule  3d 


Duty-ous-ously. 
Pity-ous-ously. 

7.  Exercise.     See  Rule  4th. 

Fry-ing. 
Cry-ing. 

8.  Exercise.     See  Rule  6th. 

Skim-mer-med. 
Whip-per-ped-ping. 

9.  Exercise.     See  Rule  7th. 

Chain-ed-ing. 
Rain-ed-ing. 

10.  Exercise.     See  Rule  8th. 

Educate-ion. 
Obligate-ion. 

11.  Exercise.     See  Rule  9th. 

Separate-ble-bility. 
Imitate-ble-bility. 

12.  Exercise.     See  Rule  10th. 

Comply-able. 
Apply-able. 


Beauty  -ous-ously. 
Plenty-ous-ously. 

Mortify-ing-ingly. 
Satisfy-ing-ingly. 

Refer-red-ring. 
Concur-rent-rence. 

Load-ed-ing. 
Sail-ed-ing. 

Sufluse-ion. 
Confuse-ion. 

Confederate-cy. 
Intimate-cy. 

Patrimony-al. 
Harmony-ous. 


13.  Exercise.     See  Rule  11th  and  its  exception. 


Purify-cation. 
Edify-cation. 

14.  Exercise.     See  Rule  12th. 

Moralize-ation. 
Christianize-ation. 

15.  Exercise.     See  note  under  Rule  12th. 

Recite-ation.  Found-ation. 

Accuse-ation.  Condemn-ation 


Satisfy-action. 
Rarefy-action. 

Crystal  ize-ation. 
Realize-ation. 


-  or  t  * 


58  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

SECTION  XI. 

CLASSIFICATION    OF    SUFFIXES. 

A  few  exercises,  under  each  of  the  following  exampU*,  in  carrying 
out  the  subjoined  words,  will  aid  scholars  in  the  general  formation  of 
derivatives. 

The  suffixes  of  our  language  are,  to  a  great  extent,  grouped  together 
in  classes  of  similar  formations.  All  words,  however,  do  not  embrace 
the  whole  family,  as  given  below ;  but  such  as  are  taken,  are  members 
of  it 

The  suffix  fvl%  takes  some,  or  all  of  those  which  follow  it,  as  shown 
by  No.  1 ;  and  the  same  is  true  of  the  other  classes. 

1 .  ful-fully-fulness-less-lessly-lessness. 

2.  ish-ishly-ishness.  11.  ize-ized-ization. 

3.  ic-ical-ically.  12.  ate-ated-ating-ation. 

4.  able-ably-ableness.  13.  ed-edly-edness. 

5.  ible-ibleness-ibility.  14.  fy-fied-fying-fication. 

6.  ous-ously-ousness.  15.  ion-al-ality. 

7.  ive-ively-iveness.  16.  ory-orily. 

8.  ence-ent-ently.  17.  some-somely. 

9.  ed-er-ing.  18.  ist-ism. 

10.  ment-al-ary.  19.  en-ened-ening. 

EXAMPLES. 

1 .  Hope-ful-fully-fulness-less-lessly-lessness. 

Faith,  Health,  Art,  Care,  &c,  are  formed  like  Hope 

2.  Child-ish-ishly-ishness. 

Fool,  Slave,  Clown,  &c,  are  formed  like  Child. 

3.  Method-ic-ical-ically. 

Poet,  Angel,  Alphabet,  <fcc,  the  same  as  Method 

4 .  Change-able-ably-ableness-ability . 

Accept,  Commute,  Blame,  &c,  same  as  Change 


ENGLISH     LANOUAO  I.  59 

5.  Resist-ible-ibly-ibility. 

Compress,  Defense,  Contract,  &c,  same  .u  Resist 

6.  Danger-ous-ously-ousness. 

Glory,  Slander,  Ruin,  <fcc,  same  as  Danger. 

7.  Attract-ive-ively-iveness. 

Diffuse,  Oppress,  Coerce,  &c,  same  as  Attract. 

8.  Depend-ence-ent-ently. 

Indulge,  Confide,  Differ,  &c,  same  as  Depend. 

9.  Muffle-ed-er-ing. 

Ramble,  Swindle,  Grumble,  &c,  same  as  Muffle. 

10.  Aliment-al-ary. 

Element,  Supplement,  &c,  same  as  Aliment. 

11.  Real-ize-ized-izing-ization. 

Civil,  Human,  Moral,  &c,  same  as  Real. 

12.  Obligate-ed-ing-ion. 

Indicate,  Accelerate,  &c,  same  as  Obligate. 

13.  Confuse-ed-edly. 

Conceit,  Content,  Refine,  &c,  same  as  Confuse. 

14.  Clarify-ed-ing-cation. 

Gratify,  Modify,  Sanctify,  &c,  same  as  Clarify 

15.  Nation-al-ality. 

Constitution,  Form,  &c,  same  as  Nation. 

16.  Contradict-ory-orily. 

Interrogate,  Derogate,  &c,  same  as  Contradict. 

1 7.  Trouble-some-somely-someness. 

Delight,  Loathe,  Toil,  <fec,  same  as  Trouble. 

18.  Method-ist-ism. 

Federal,  Formal,  Roman,  &c,  same  as  Method. 

1 9.  Sharp-en-ened-ening. 

Sweet,  Soft,  Hard,  Quick.  &c,  same  as  Sharp. 


60  ANALYSIS      OF      TUB 

SECTION  XII. 

SPECIAL  RULES    FOR    FORMING    DERIVATIVES    BY  PREFIXES 

Many  words,  so  far  as  respects  the  English  language,  are 
primitives ;  yet  in  that  language  from  which  they  are  de- 
rived, they  are  either  compound,  or  derivative  words.  Such, 
especially,  are  words  of  Greek  and  Latin  origin.  For  ex- 
ample, Abscond,  so  far  as  our  language  alone  is  concerned,  is 
a  primitive  word,  because  we  have  no  such  English  word  as 
scond.  But  in  the  Latin,  from  which  it  is  derived,  the  word 
is  a  compound,  from  the  prepositions  abs  and  con,  and  the 
verb  do.  Also,  Advert,  in  English,  is  primitive,  but  in  Latin, 
from  which  it  is  derived,  it  is  compounded  of  ad,  meaning  to, 
and  verto,  to  turn.  Hence,  Advert  signifies  to  turn  to. 
Now,  supposing  the  word  and  its  prefixes  to  stand  thus, 
re-a-Ad,vert,  or  thus,  re-a.  Ad,vert,  we  first  take  away  ad, 
and  substitute  a,  which  is  another  Latin  preposition,  and  it 
becomes  A,vert,  and  literally  means  to  turn  away.  Again,  we 
drop  a,  and  substitute  re  in  its  place,  and  it  becomes  invert, 
signifying  to  turn  back.  Hence,  it  must  not  be  forgotten  by 
the  student,  that,  in  all  cases,  when  one  prefix  is  to  be  drop- 
ped, and  another  substituted  in  its  place,  this  class  of  primi- 
tive words  will  be  printed  thus,  Con,vert,  Ac,cord,  Ex,clude, 
De,flect ;  and  that  the  part  of  the  word  which  precedes  the 
comma,  must  be  dropped,  when  another  prefix  is  to  be  used. 

EXAMPLE. 

at-dis-de-re-pro.     Contract,    to  draw  together 

Explanation. — First  drop  con,  and  substitute  pro,  and  it 
becomes  Protract,  to  draw  out.  Again,  drop  pro,  and  substi- 
tute re,  and  it  forms   Tfr  tract,  to  draw  back.     In   the  samp 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  61 

manner,  de  forms  Detract,  to  draw  away  from  ;  dis  (orms  Dis* 
<ract,  to  draw  apart,  or  to  separate  ;  and  at  forms  A  /tract,  to 
draw  to,  or  to  unite. 

When  no  part  of  the  primitive  word  is  separated  by  a 
comma,  the  combination  is  simply  to  drop  one  prefix,  and 
join  another. 


SECTION  XIII. 

MANNER    OF    DEFINING    BY    PREFIXES    AND    SUFFIXES. 

We  will  now  endeavor  to  explain,  in  a  familiar  way,  the 
manner  of  defining  words  by  their  prefixes  and  suffixes. 
And  it  is  simply  to  give  the  signification  of  the  primitive 
word,  in  connection  with  the  separate  import  of  such  pre- 
fixes and  suffixes,  as  constitute  the  whole  word.  For  an 
example,  we  will  take  flame,  which  is  a  primitive,  and  means 
fire.  Now,  if  we  prefix  in,  it  makes  /nflame,  and  increases 
the  import  of  the  primitive  word,  and  literally  means  to  put 
fire  in,  or  to  set  on  fire.  Again,  if  we  take  Infisunmable — 
able,  means  capable  of,  or  capable  of  being ;  hence,  we  join 
capable  of  being,  to  the  meaning  of  in,  and  flame,  and  the 
whole  word  means  capable  of  being  set  on  fire.  Now  take 
In&ammability — ability,  means  the  quality  capable  of  being. 
This  expression  being  joined,  in  like  manner,  to  what  /n- 
Hame  means,  will  make  the  literal  signification  of  /nfiamma- 
bility  to  be,  the  quality  capable  of  being  set  on  fire.  Next, 
if  we  add  the  second  prefix,  and  form  Uninflammable,  we 
must  add  the  meaning  of  un  to  what  Inflammable  means,  and 
the  whole  expression  will  be,  Uninflammable,  not  capable  of 
being  set  on  fire.  Again,  take  Uninfiammableness — ableness, 
means  the  property  capable  of  being.     Now  give  the  whole 


62  ANALYSIS     OP     THE 

import,  and  Uninfammablcness  literally  signifies,  the  prop- 
erty not  capable  of  being  set  on  fire. 

If  we  take  Delude,  signifying  to  deceive,  we  can  form 

Deluder,   the  person  who  deceives. 

Delusion,   the  act  of  deceiving. 

Delusive,    tending  to  deceive. 

Redeem  signifies  to  ransom ;  ir  means  not ;  and  able,  capa* 
ble  of  being.  Hence,  Irredeemable  means,  not  capable  of 
being  ransomed. 

Join  is  a  primitive  word,  and  signifies  to  unite.     Let  il 
stand  thus  with  its  prefixes  and  suffixes : 
inter-mis-sub-dis-un-re-con-ad-Join.     ion-ed-ing. 

Explanation. — Ad,  means  to  ;  con,  with,  or  together  with  ; 
re,  again ;  un,  not ;  dis,  parting  ;  mis,  wrong  ;  sub,  under ; 
inter,  between  ;  ion,  the  act  of;  ed,  was  ;  ing,  continuing  to. 
Hence,  Adjoin,  is  joining  to ;  Conjunction,  the  act  of  join- 
ing with  ;  Re conjunction,  the  act  of  joining  with  again  ;  Un- 
conjoined,  not  joined  with,  or  together ;  Rejoined,  was  joined 
again  ;  Unjoined,  was  not  joined  ;  Disjoin,  parting  what  was 
joined ;  Subjoin,  to  join  under ;  Misjoin,  to  join  wrong ; 
Interjoining,  continuing  to  join  between. 

Hope  implies  expectation  ;  Hopeful,  full  of  expectation  ; 
and  Hopeless,  without  hope,  or  expectation. 

The  primitive  word  must  in  all  cases  be  learned  ;  then  if 
you  pronounce  its  primitive  signification  in  connection  with 
what  all  its  component  parts  mean,  you  have  the  precise 
analytic  import  of  the  entire  word.  A  little  careful  study 
will  render  this  exercise  perfectly  familiar,  and  give  the 
student  an  entire  and  ready  command  of  language,  and  an 
instantaneous  mental  perception  of  the  true  import  of  words, 
written  or  spoken. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  || 

SECTION  XIV. 

THE    DIFFERENT    IMPORT    OF    CERTAIN    PREFIXES. 

Most  of  the  prefixes  are  uniform  in  their  distinctive  im- 
port, while  a  few  are  used  in  two  or  more  senses,  widely 
different ;  as,  im,  in,  il,  ir,  &c. 

These  prefixes,  more  generally,  when  united  to  verbs, 
increase  or  strengthen  the  original  meaning  of  the  primitive 
words ;  as,  in  7/npress,  /nfold,  7/luminate,  /rradiate.  In 
each  case,  additional  force  is  given  to  the  primitives,  press, 
fold,  luminate,  and  radiate,  by  prefixing  im,  in,  il,  and  tr.  But 
when  the  same  prefixes  are  united  to  adjectives,  and  occa- 
sionally to  some  other  parts  of  speech,  they  entirely  reverse 
or  change  the  primitive  signification  ;  as,  in  /mpossible,  /n- 
sensible,  //legible,  irrational.  These  words  now  mean  the 
same  as  not  possible,  not  sensible,  not  legible,  not  rational. 

As  this  work  is  specially  designed  to  aid  English  scholars 
who  have  no  knowledge  of  the  classics,  and  consequently 
could  not  trace  out  very  remote  derivations,  it  was  thought 
advisable,  for  their  benefit,  to  accommodate  the  arrangement 
in  this  respect,  to  their  understandings,  by  giving  those  words 
whose  signification  is  greatly  expanded,  under  different 
heads,  or  by  repeating  the  root,  in  connection  with  such  pre- 
fixes, as  in  each  case  would  best  correspond  with  the  several 
primitive  meanings. 

For  example  :  Announce,  signifies  to  publish,  or  declare 
to ;  and,  in  its  natural  connection,  is  Pronounce.  But  -Re- 
nounce, means  to  disown,  or  reject ;  and,  in  accordance  with 
this,  is  Denounce  ;  yet  all  these  words  have  the  same  root. 
Also,  instruct,  to  teach  ;  Construe,  to  translate  ;  Structure,  a 
building  ;   Obstruct,  to  block  up  ;  and  Destroy,  to  pull  down. 


64  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

are  from  the  same  root,  Struo,  to  build.  All  these  words 
have  corresponding  prefixes,  and  when  relatively  arranged, 
the  whole  becomes  perfectly  intelligible  to  the  English 
scholar. 

The  scholar  must  also  remember  that  some  of  the  prefixes, 
and  especially  tut,  rarely  combine  with  the  primitive  word 
till  it  has  assumed  some  of  its  derivative  forms  by  the  addi- 
tion of  a  suffix  ;  as,  Faith  can  not  with  propriety  become  Un- 
faith,  but  Unfaithful. 

A  little  observation  will  afford  the  best  guide  on  this  point. 
Re  and  un  are  prefixed  to  adjectives  and  participles  almost 
at  pleasure  ;  and,  are  not  always  inserted  in  this  work  where 
they  might  be  used  with  propriety. 

It  is  now  thought  the  prefixes  have  been  explained  so 
clearly,  that  no  scholar,  who  wishes  to  understand  and  apply 
them  correctly,  need  make  a  mistake,  although  he  may  not 
be  under  the  care  of  any  teacher. 

Scholars  will  derive  much  benefit  in  defining  words,  by 
understanding  the  parts  of  speech.  Thesre  may  generally 
be  known  by  the  termination,  or  suffix  ;  thus, 

Verbs  are  indicated  by — fy,  ize. 

Verbs,  participles,  or  adjectives,  by — ate,  ed,  en. 

Participles,  adjectives,  or  nouns,  by — ing. 

Nouns,  or  adjectives,  by — ant,  ent,  ory,  er. 

Nouns  by — ableness,  ibleness,  ability,  ibility,  ance,  ancv 
ence,  ency,  ion,  ity,  ism,  age,  dom,  hood,  ric,  ship,  cy,  is: 
ics,  ment,  ure,  ness. 

Adjectives  by — able,  ible,  ac,  al,  ful,  ic,  ive,  ish,  ile,  less 
lar,  ous,  fie. 

Adverbs  by — ably,  ibly,  antly,  ently,  ately,  ally,  fully 
ively,  ingly,  edly,  ishly,  lessly,  ously,  somely,  urely,  orily. 


ENGLISH      LANGUAGE. 


05 


SECTION  XV. 

AN    EXERCISE    IN    FORMING    DERIVATIVES    BY    PREFIXES. 

Let  the  pupil  read  the  following  words  with  their  several  definition*. 


then  join  the  several  prefixes,  and  give  their  import,  as  thus 

When  no  separation  of  any  part  of  the  word  to  be  defined,  is  made 
I  j  a  comma,  each  prefix,  one  by  one,  is  to  be  joined  to  the  entire 
word;  and,  when  such  word  has  been  defined  by  one  prefix,  that  pr* 
fix  must  be  dropped  and  another  taken ;  thus, 

mal  mis.     Formation,   the  act  of  forming, 
information,   a  wrong  formation, 
^fa/formation,   a  bad  formation. 

mis  re  Apply,   to  lay  on  ;  to  fit ;  to  be  busy. 

mis  re.  Allege,   to  declare  ;  affirm,  or  assert. 

dis  re .  Appear,   to  come  in  sight ;  obvious  to  the  mind 

mis  re  Call,   to  name,  or  summon. 

octa  hexa.  Chord,   string  of  a  musical  instrument. 

in  over.  Elegant,   polished ;  polite  ;  refined. 

pre  re.  Engage,   to  promise  to  do. 

co  un.  Equal,  of  similar  dimensions. 

bene  malt».  Factor,   a  doer  of  something ;  an  agent. 

il  over.  Liberal,   of  a  free  heart ;  generous. 

im  over.  Modest,   sense  of  propriety  ;  not  bold 

ante  post.  Position,   a  place,  or  situation. 

over  re.  Supply,   to  furnish  what  is  wanted 

dis  re.  Unite,   to  join,  or  put  together. 

en  un.  Sure,    certain;  firm ;  infallible. 

un  in.  Close,   to  shut ;  to  finish. 

dis  mis  Place,   to  sit,  or  fix. 

out  re  Sail,  to  move  upon  water  in  a  ship. 

en  ig.  Noble,  great ;  dignified  ;  generous. 


N  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

SECTION  XVI 

AN    EXERCISE    IN    DEFINING    BY    PREFIXES. 

On  this  page  and  the  next*  the  student  may  first  define  the  giveo 
word,  then  combine  its  prefixes  and  define  it  in  such  connection.  Most 
of  the  words  here  used,  are  found  in  otlier  parts  of  the  book,  with  their 
derivatives. 

This  exercise  is  merely  to  render  the  prefixes  more  familiar,  and  may 
be  often  repeated,  singly  or  in  concert 

over  un.  Anxious,    greatly  concerned  ;  solicitous. 

mis  re.  Choose,   to  pick  out ;  to  select,  or  prefer. 

super  sub.  Celestial,    relating  to  heaven.     Ctelum,  heaven 

over  in.  Curious,    strong  desire  for  novelty  ;  nice. 

dis  un.  Courteous,    polite  ;  well-bred  ;  civil. 

in  over.  Diligent,   steady  in  application;  not  idle. 

in  mis.  Direct,   to  point,  or  aim  ;  straight ;  right 

demi  equi.  Distance,   remoteness ;  reserved. 

in  un.  Discreet,   prudent ;  cautious  ;  not  rash. 

bi  un.  Fold,   to  double  ;  an  enclosure. 

mis  re.  Judge,   to  hear  and  determine  a  case. 

re  con.  Join,   to  unite  ;  to  connect. 

counter  equi. Poise,   to  balance  in  weight. 

preter  im.  Perfect,   finished  ;  complete. 

non  in.  Sane,    sound  ;  healthy  ;  having  reason. 

counter  pre .  Signal,    a  sign  given  ;  memorable. 

mis  un.  Sent,    dispatched  ;  thrown,  or  cast. 

anti  un.  Scriptural,    according  to  Scripture. 

con  sub.  Sequence,   that  which  follows. 

re  un.  Tempted,   inticed;  allured. 

mis  un.  Taught,   instructed. 

ante  proto.  Type,   an  emblem  ;  a  model ;  to  prefigure 

con  inter.  Texture,   the  act  of  weaving ;  a  web. 

pyro  poly.  Technics,    the  doctrine  of  arts  in  general 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE. 


67 


under  co. 
over  super, 
un  in. 
dis  un. 
after  mis. 
over  mis. 
mono  a. 
ante  post, 
geo  helio. 
be  de. 
over  il. 
preter  il. 
inter, 
unim  im. 
im  un. 
im  un. 
dys  eu. 
non  im. 
re  un. 
re  over, 
re  pre. 
im  re. 
re  dis. 
over  un. 
anti  pro. 
un  re. 
mis  dis. 
super, 
in  un. 
dis  re. 
un  inter, 
over  un 


[ing 


Agent,   an  actor ;  an  active  cause. 
Abound,   to  possess  much  of;  prevalent. 
Arable,   fit  for  plowing.     Aro,  to  plow. 
Belief,   an  assent  of  the  mind  to. 
Conduct,   good,  or  bad  actions  ;  behavior. 
Carry,   to  bear ;  to  convey,  or  transport. 
Chromatic,   relating  to  color. 
Diluvian,   pertaining  to  the  flood. 
Centric,   pertaining  to  the  center. 
Charm,   to  control  by  incantation. 
Liberal,   of  a  free  heart ;  generous. 
Legal,   according  to  law.     Lex,  law. 
Mediate,   to  interpose  to  effect  a  union. 
Mortal,   subject  to  death  ;  deadly. 
Malleable,   that  may  be  drawn  out  by  hammer 
Polite,    courteous  ;  refined.     Polis,  a  city. 
Peptic,   promoting  digestion.  [edge. 

Proficiency,   improvement;  progress  in  knowk 
Pack,   to  put  together  in  order ;  a  bundle. 
Pay,   to  remunerate  ;  to  discharge,  as  a  debt. 
Possess,   to  have  ;  to  hold,  or" occupy. 
Plant,   to  put  in  the  ground,  as  seed. 
People,   the  inhabitants  of  any  place. 
Ripe,   perfection  in  growth  ;  mature. 
Slavery,   bondage ;  servitude. 
Traced,   marked  out ;  delineated. 
Trust,   to  place  confidence  in. 
Vision,    sight ;  the  faculty  of  seeing. 
Tractable,   easily  led,  or  taught. 
Union,   a  joining  ;  a  junction. 
Weave,   to  unite  threads  in  making  cloth. 
Wrought,  formed  by  work,  or  labor 


68  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

SECTION  XVII. 

EXPLANATION  OF  THE  ARRANGEMENT  AND  CHARACTERS. 

The  following  explanation  of  the  arrangement  and  character*  in 
subsequent  sections,  indicating  derivative  formations  by  prefixes  and 
suffixes,  should  be  made  perfectly  familiar. 

1.  The  prefixes  are  placed  in  the  left  hand  margin  of  the 

page ;  or,  in  the  body  of  the  page  in  the  same  line,  and 
on  the  left  of  the  words,  with  which  they  are  to  com- 
bine ;  thus, 
re.  Appear,  to  come  in  sight,  or  be  visible  ;  or  thus, 
com-de-ex-im-op-Position,    place,  or  station. 

2.  After  the  definition  is  given,  the  word  is  commonly  re- 

peated with  some,  or  all  of  its  suffixes,  separated  from 
each  other  by  hyphens  ;  thus, 
re. Appear,  to  come  in  sight,  or  be  visible. 
Appear-ed-ing-ance. 

3.  A  period  is  placed  after  the  last  suffix  following  the 

word,  showing  the  end  of  the  foregoing  formations  ; 
and  then  follows  the  word  again,  if  necessary  to  be  re- 
peated, with  its  prefix  italicised,  and  its  suffixes  sub 
joined  as  above  ;  thus, 
re. Appear,  to  come  in  sight,  or  be  visible. 

Appear-ed-ing-ance.     re  Appear-ed-ing-ance. 

4.  When  the  word  is  not  repeated,  the  prefix  is  italicised 

and  followed  by  a  caret.     If  a  period  follow  the  caret, 
thus,  reA.  the  caret  shows  the  place  of  the  word   to 
which  the  prefix  is  to  be  added,  and  the  period  shows 
that  no  suffix  is  to  be  used  ;  thus, 
re. Appear-ed-ing-ance.     reA.     meaning  reAppear. 

5.  A  suffix  after  the  caret,  thus,  reAed,  denotes  the  formation 

to  be  re  Appeared. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  M 

6.  If  a  period  follow  the  caret,  and  a  hyphen  follow  .he 
period,  thus,  reA.-ed,  it  shows  the  first  formation  to  be 
reAppear;  and  the  second,  reAppeared. 

Note. — The  following  examples  more  fully  illustrate  the  combina- 
tions indicated  by  the  arrangement  and  characters  used  in  this  work. 

1.  re.  Appear-ed-ance. 

2.  re.  Appear-ed-ance.  reA. 

3.  re.  Appear-ed-ance.  reAed. 

4.  re.  Appear-ed-ance.  reAed-ance. 

5.  re.  Appear-ed-ance.  reA.-ed. 

6.  re.  Appear-ed-ance.  reA.-ed-ance. 

COMBINED    THUS: 

1.  Appear,  appeared,  appearance. 
jReappear,  reappeared,  reappearance. 

2.  Appear,  appeared,  appearance,  reappear. 

3.  Appear,  appeared,  appearance,  reappeared.  [anee. 

4.  Appear,  appeared,  appearance,  reappeared,  reappear- 

5.  Appear,  appeared,  appearance,  reappear,  reappeared. 

6.  Appear,  appeared,   appearance,  reappear,  reappeared, 

reappearance. 

7.  ante-post-mis-re-Date-ed .    reA.  mu\.  post^.  anteA.,  form 
Date,  dated,  redate,  m^ydate,  postdate,  antedate. 

8.  Compress-ed-ing-ion-ible,  form  [ibU. 
Compressed,    compressing,    compression,    compress- 

A  correct  understanding  of  what  is  indicated  by  r*4. 
and  reA.-ed,  is  indispensably  necessary. 

With  the  above  word,  reA.  denotes  reappear;  and 
reA.-*i(l,  reappear,  and  reappeared. 


70  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

SECTION  XVIII. 

EXERCISE    IN    FORMING    DERIVATIVES    WITHOUT    DEFINING 

iin.     Blind,   destitute  of  the  sense  of  seeing. 
Component  parte. 

Blind-ed-ing-ly-ness.     unAe&. 
Combined  thus : 

Blinded,  Blinding,  Blind/y,  Blindness,  Unblinded. 
un.     Bless,   to  express  a  desire  to  make  happy. 

Bless-ed-edly-edness.     unjed. 

Blessed,  Blessedly,  Blessedness,  Unblessed. 
un.     Class,    an  order  of  persons  ;  a  scientific  division. 

Class-ic-ical-ify-\fied*-ification.     wnAed-ical.        [twn 

Classic,    Classical,    Classify,    Classified,    Classifies 

ZTnclassed,    Unclassical. 
un.     Doubt,   to  waver  in  opinion  ;  to  hesitate. 

Doubt-ed-ful-fully-fulness-less.     «nAed-edly-mg. 

Doubted,    Doubtful,    Doubtfully,    Doubtfulness. 

Undoubted,    Undoubtedly,    Undoubting. 
in.     Fail,    to  become  deficient ;  to  decay ;  to  desert. 

Fail-ed-ing-ure.     unjug. 

Failed,    Failing,    Failure,    Unfailing. 
un.     Faith,   belief;  trust;  assent  of  the  mind. 

Faith-ful-fully-fulness-less.     un/ul-fulness. 

Faithful,    Faithfully,    Faithfulness,    Unfaithful. 
re.     Fund,   stock,  or  capital ;  increase  ;  money. 

Fund-ed-less.     reAed-ing. 

Funded,    Fund/e.?s,  Refunded,  Refunding. 
un.     Gild,   to  overlay  with  gold. 

Gild-ed-er-ing.     t/nAed-ing. 

Gilded,    Gildtr,    Gilding,    Ungilded.    U'wilding. 

*See  Rule  11th. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  71 

SECTION  XIX. 

A  FEW  /ORMATIONS  FOR  THE  SCHOLAR  TO  SUPPLY. 

•in      Hariri,   to  damage,  or  injure  ;  damage. 

Harm-fiil-fully-less-lessly-lessness.     vnAed. 

Harmful,  Harmfully,  Harmless,  Unharmed. 
un.     Health,   that  state  in  which  all  parts  of  a  living  bod) 

Health-y-ily-iness-less-ful-fully-fulness.     [are  sound 
t/nAy-ily-iness-ful-fully-fulness. 

Healthy,  Healthi/y,*  Healthiiww,  J7//healthy. 
un.     Heed,   to  mind  ;  to  regard  with  care. 

Heed-ed-ful-fully-fulness-less-lessly.     ti/iAed-ing. 

Heeded,  Heedful,  Heedless,  Unheeded,  Unheeding. 
un      Learn,   to  gain  knowledge  ;  to  acquire  skill. 

Learn-ed-er-ing-edly.     wnAed-edly. 

Learned,  Learner,  Learning,  Unlearned. 
un.     Need,   want ;  necessity  for  something. 

Need-y-ily-less-lessly-ful-fully.     tinAed-ful. 

Needy,  Needi/y,*  Needless,  Unneeded,  Unneedful 
•m.     Pain,   any  uneasy  sensation  ;  disquietude. 

Pain-ful-fully-fulness-ed.     tinAed-ful. 

Painful,  Painfully,  Unnamed,  Unnainful. 
un.     Skill,   familiar  knowledge  of  any  art,  or  science,  united 
with  dexterity  in  its  application. 

Skill-ful-fully-fulness.     tm4ed-ful-fully. 

Skillful,  Skillfulness,  Unskilled,  Unskillful. 
un.     Scorn,    extreme  contempt ;  to  despise. 

Scorn-ed-er-ful-fully-fulness-ing.     unj>d. 

ScorneJ,  Scorner,  Scorntw^,  Unscorned. 
un.     Tune,   to  sing  with  melody,  or  harmony. 

Tune-ed-er-ing-ful-fully-less.f   t//iAed-ablo. 

*  See  Rule  3d.  f  See  Rule  let 


72  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

SECTION  XX. 

A    SPECIAL    EXPLANATION. 

In  some  few  instances,  the^rrf  hyphen  cuts  off  certain  letters  which 
are  essential  to  the  formation  of  a  legitimate  word ;  as  in  Digni-ty, 
Legi  ble,  Palp-able. 

This  division  is  made  simply  for  convenience  in  forming  other  deriv- 
atives. By  preserving  such  letters  only  as  undergo  no  change  in  the 
radical  part*  other  suffixes  can  be  added  in  the  uniform  manner. 

Hence,  it  must  be  distinctly  recollected,  that  when  a  word  is  so  di 
vided  by  a  hyphen,  as  to  be  incomplete  without  adding  that  part  so 
cut  oflj  the  first  letter  of  such  part  is  a  small  capital ;  as,  in  Digni-Ty, 
Legi-Ble,  Palp-Able;  showing  that*  iy,  Ble,  and  Able,  must,  in  each 
case,  be  added  to  the  radical  part  to  form  a  legitimate  word ;  thus, 
Digni-Ty -fy-fied-fication ;  forming  Dignity,  Dignify,  Diguified,  <fca 


EXERCISES    IN    FORMING    AND    DEFINING    DERIVATIVES 

im.     Alarm,   to  arouse  by  fear  ;  an  out-cry. 
Component  parts. 
Alarm-ed-ing-ingly-ist      u/iAed. 
Combined  and  defined  thus: 
Alarmed,    was  alarmed,  or  aroused 
Alarming,   causing  alarm. 
Alarmtn^/y,    in  an  alarming  manner. 
Z/nalarnW,  was  not  alarmed, 
un.     Blame,   to  cental*  ;  t<>  find  fault  with 

Blame#-ed-er-ful-l<'ss-lcsslv-able.      >///4ed 
Blamed,    did  blame,  or  was  blamed. 
Blam*r,    one  who  blames,  or  finds  fault. 
Blame/i//,    full  of  blame  ;  faulty. 

*  See  Rule  1st  Only  an  occasional  ivferWMM  will  be  made,  here 
after,  to  the  rules  for  forming  rttrirativM  im*elv  «<»  remind  the  pup 
that  he  must  observe  their  application  at  every  step  cf  hie  progresa. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  ?3 

Blameless,   without  blame,  or  fault. 

Blame lessly,   in  a  blameless  manner. 

Blamelessriess,   the  state  of  being  blameless. 

Bl&mable,   that  may  be  blamed. 
n       Dignity,   true  honor ;  nobleness  ;  rank. 

Digni-Ty-fy-fied*-fication.     inj.y.     unified. 

Dignify,   to  make  honorable  ;  to  honor. 

Dignified,   was  made  honorable. 

Dignification,   the  act  of  making  honorable. 

Indignity,   treating  with  dishonor. 

Undignified,   was  not  dignified, 
iin.     Method,   a  suitable  arrangement  ;  order. 

Method-ic-ical-ist-ism.     imAical. 

Methodic,   pertaining  to  method. 

Methodical,   pertaining  to  method. 

Methodism,   the  doctrines  of  Methodists. 

Methods,   a  professor  of  Methodism. 

//mnethodictf/,   not  having  method. 
in.      Opulent,   wealthy  ;  rich  ;  affluent. 

Opul-Ent-ence-ently.     tnAent. 

Opulence,   wealth ;  riches  ;  affluence. 

Opulently,   richly  ;  with  abundance. 

Inopulcnt,   not  wealthy ;  not  rich, 
m.      Approach,   to  draw  near ;  to  advance. 

Approach-ed-ing-able.     tnAable.     wn,ed-ablo 

Approached,   did  approach,  or  draw  near 

Approaching,   continuing  to  draw  near. 

Approacha&Ze,   that  may  be  approached. 

/napproachaMe,   that  may  not  be  approached. 

J7napproachec/,   was  not  approached. 

tTnapproachai/e,   that  can  not  be  approached. 

*M   — — *     '■■■    '  ~~*  * 

•See  Rule  11th. 
7 


ANALYSIS     OF     TUB 

il.       Legal,   according  to  law ;  lawful.     Lex,  law. 

Legal-ly-ity-ize-ized-izing.     i/Aity. 

Legal/y,    in  a  legal  manner  ;  lawfully. 

Legality,    lawfulness ;  slate  of  being  lawful. 

Legalise,   to  make  lawful. 

Legalized,    was  made  lawful. 

legalizing,   making  lawful 

//legal,   not  lawful. 

//legality,    unlawfulness, 
il.       Legible,   that  may,  or  can  be  read.     Lego,  to  read 

Legi-Ble-bly-bility.     i/Able-bly-bility. 

"Legibly,    in  a  legible  manner. 

"Legibility,   the  state,  or  quality  of  being  legible 

Illegible,   not  legible  ;  that  can  not  be  read. 

Illegibly,   in  a  manner  not  to  be  read. 

Illegibility,   the  quality  of  being  illegible, 
im.     Palpable,   perceptible  by  the  touch. 

Palp-Ably-ability-ableness.     tmAably. 

Palpably,   in  a  manner  perceptible  by  touch. 

"Palpability,   the  quality  of  being  perceptible. 

Impalpably,   not  to  be  perceived  by  touch, 
un      Real,   actual  existence  ;  true  ;  genuine. 

Real-ity-ize-ized-ization.     unjzed. 

Reality,   the  state  of  being  real,  or  genuine. 

Realise,   to  make  real,  or  effective. 

Realized,   was  made  real. 

Realisation,   the  act  of  making  real. 

Unrealized,   was  not  realized, 
un.     Subdue,   to  conquer  by  force  ;  to  overcome 

Subdue-ed-ing.     uned. 

Subduing,    continuing  to  conquer. 

Unsubdued,   not  brought  into  subjection 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE 


78 


SECTION  XXI. 


THE  WORD  PRESS  AND  EIGHTY-THREE  DERIVATIVES. 

Press,  a  primitive  word,  signifies  to  press,  or 

urge    by   weight.     From   Prtmo% 
pressum,  to  press, 
the  person  who  presses, 
the  result  of  pressing, 
did  press,  or  was  pressed, 
continuing  to  press, 
the  act  of  pressing, 
in  a  pressing  manner, 
to  press  too  much, 
opposite  pressure, 
to  press  together, 
was  pressed  together, 
the  act  of  pressing  together, 
continuing  to  press  together, 
capable  of  being  pressed  together, 
the  result  of  being  pressed  together. 
Com  press  ibility,      the   quality  capable  of  being  pressed 

together,  or  the  capacity,  Ac. 
Com  press  ible  ness,  the  property,  or  quality  capable  of  being 

pressed  together. 
Un  com  press  ed,       was  not  pressed  together. 
Un  com  press  ible,    not  capable  of  being  pressed  together. 
In  com  press  ibility,  the  property,  or  quality  not  capable  of 

being  pressed  together, 
to  press  again  ;  put  down,  or  subdue, 
was  pressed  again,  or  put  down,  Ac. 
the  act  of  pressing  again,  Ac. 
tending  to  press  again,  Ac. 


Press  er, 
Press  ure, 
Press  ed, 
Press  ing, 
Press  ion, 
Press  ing  ly, 
Over  press, 
Counter  press  ure, 
Com  press, 
Com  press  ed, 
Com  press  ion, 
Com  press  ing, 
Com  press  ible, 
Com  press  ure, 


Re  press, 
Re  press  ed, 
Re  press  ion, 
Re  press  ive, 


TO  ANALY8IS     OF     THE 

Re  press  ing,  continuing  to  press  again,  &c. 

Re  press  er,  the  person  who  presses  again,  &c. 

Re  press  ive  ly,  in  a  repressive  manner. 

Ir  re  press  ible,  not  capable  of  being  pressed  again,  &c 

De  press,  to  press  down,  or  bear  down. 

De  press  ed,  was  pressed  down. 

De  press  ion,  the  act  of  pressing  down. 

De  press  or,  the  person  who  presses  down. 

De  press  ible,  capable  of  being  pressed  down. 

De  press  ing,  continuing  to  press  down. 

Ex  press,  to  press  out,  or  utter  by  words. 

Ex  press  ed,  was  uttered  by  words,  &c. 

Ex  press  ion,  the  act  of  uttering  by  words,  &c. 

Ex  press  ible,  capable  of  being  uttered  by  words 

Ex  press  ive,  tending  to  utter  by  words,  &c. 

Ex  press  ing,  continuing  to  utter  by  words,  &c. 

Ex  press  ly,  in  an  express  manner. 

Ex  press  ive  ly,  in  an  expressive  manner. 

Ex  press  ive  ness,  the  property,  or  quality  capable  of  be- 
ing uttered  in  words. 

In  ex  press  ible,  not  capable  of  being  uttered  by  words. 

In  ex  press  ive,  not  tending  to  utter  by  words,  &c. 

In  ex  press  ibly,  in  an  inexpressible  manner. 

In  ex  press  ibility,  the  property,  or  quality  not  capable  of 

being  uttered  by  words. 

Un  ex  press  ed,  was  not  uttered  by  words. 

Un  ex  press  ible,  not  capable  of  being  uttered  by  words. 

Un  ex  press  ive,  not  tending  to  express  by  words. 

Im  press,  to  press  in,  or  imprint. 

Im  press  ed,  was  pressed  in,  &c. 

Im  press  ion,  the  act  of  pressing  in. 

Im  press  ing,  continuing  to  press  in,  &c. 


ENGLISH     LANGUA02.  77 

Im  press  ive,  tending  to  press  in. 

Im  press  ure,  the  result  of  pressing  in. 

Im  press  lble,  capable  of  being  pressed  in. 

Im  press  ment,  the  act  of  pressing  in. 

Im  press  ive  ly,  in  an  impressive  manner. 

Im  press  ive  ness,  the  property  capable  of  being  pressed 

in,  or  capacity,  &c. 

Im  press  ibility,  the  quality  capable  of  being  pressed  in 

He  im  press,  to  press  in  again. 

Re  im  press  ed,  was  pressed  in  again. 

Re  im  press  ion,  the  act  of  pressing  in  again. 

Re  im  press  ing,  continuing  to  press  in  again. 

Un  im  press  ive,  not  tending  to  press  in. 

Op  press,  to  press  against ;  to  bear  down 

Op  press  ed,  was  pressed  against,  &c. 

Op  press  ion,  the  act  of  pressing  against,  Ac. 

Op  press  or,  the  person  who  presses  against,  &c 

Op  press  ing,  continuing  to  press  against,  &c. 

Op  press  ive,  tending  to  press  against,  &c. 

Op  press  ive  ly,  in  an  oppressive  manner. 
Op  press  ive  ness,  the  quality  of  pressing  against,  Ac. 

In  op  press  ive,  not  tending  to  press  against,  &c. 

Sup  press,  to  press  under,  or  to  bring  under 

Sup  press  ed,  was  pressed  under,  &c. 

Sup  press  ion,  the  act  of  pressing  under. 

Sup  press  or,  the  person  who  presses  under. 

Sup  press  ing,  continuing  to  press  under. 

Sup  press  ive,  tending  to  press  under. 

In  sup  press  ion,  not  pressing  under. 

In  sup  press  ible,  not  capable  of  being  pressed  under. 

Un  sup  press  ed,  was  not  pressed  under. 


78  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

SECTION  XXII. 

PRIMITIVE    WORDS    OF    ONE    SYLLABLE. 

The  pupil  must  now  form  and  define  the  derivative  words 
for  himself)  as  in  the  following  example : 

un.     Mild,    soft ;  gentle  ;  moderate  ;  calm.     Mitis,  mild. 
Component  parts. 

Mild-ly-ness.     un  A.-ness. 

Combined  and  defined,  thus* 

Mild/y,    in  a  mild  manner ;  calmly. 

Mildness,   the  quality  of  being  mild. 

C/nmild,    not  mild  ;  not  gentle. 

Unmil&ness,   the  quality  of  being  unmild. 
un.     Bleach,   to  whiten,  or  make  white. 

Bleach-ed-er-ing.     unAe&. 
un.     Blush,   to  redden  in  the  cheeks. 

Blush-ed-ing,     unjng. 
un.     Blend,   to  mix,  or  mingle  together. 

Blend-ed-er-ing.     unAe&. 
un.     Bail,   to  set  free  from  arrest ;  to  dip  out  water. 

Bail-cd-er-able.     unAe&. 
un.     Blight,   to  blast;  a  disease  of  plants. 

Blight-ed-ing.     unAe&. 
un.     Clasp,   to  close  in  the  hand. 

Clasp-ed-er-ing.     unAed. 
un.     Coil,   to  gather  in  a  circle,  as  a  rope 

Coil-ed-ing.     t/nA.-ed. 
un.     Curb,   to  restrain  ;  the  fence  of  a  well 

Curb-ed-ing.     unA.-e&. 
sub.   Chant,   to  sing ;  to  celebrate  in  song.     Canto,  to  sing 

Chant-ed-er-ing.     subAer. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  7'J 

out.    Frown,   to  knit  the  brow  ;  to  repel  by  a  stern  look. 

Frown-ed-ing-ingly.     outA. 
un.     Grant,   to  allow  ;  to  yield  ;  to  give  ;  to  concede. 

Grant-ed-ing-or.     unAe&. 
un.     Greet,   to  salute  ;  to  address  with  kind  wishes. 

Greet-ed-ing.     i/nAed. 
mis.  Lead,   to  guide  by  the  hand  ;  to  induce. 

Lead-er-ing.     misA.-ing. 
re.     Loan,   the  act  of  lending ;  that  which  is  lent. 

Loan-ed-ing.     r£A.-ed-ing. 
un.     Maim,   to  disable  ;  to  injure  ;  to  make  a  cripple. 

Maim-ed-ing.     unAe&. 
un.     Quench,   to  extinguish  ;  to  put  out. 

Quench-ed-ing.     t/7iAable-ably. 
un.     Quell,   to  subdue  ;  to  quiet,  or  to  restore  peace. 

Quell-ed-er-ing.     unAe&. 
un.     Screen,   to  shelter ;  to  sift,  or  riddle  ;  a  riddle. 

Screen-ed-ing.     unAed. 
un.     Shield,   to  cover  ;  to  secure  ;  defensive  armor. 

Shield-ed-ing.     twAed. 
un.     Shrink,   to  shrivel ;  to  draw  back  ;  to  recoil. 

Shrink-ing.     unAing. 
mis.   Spend,   to  lay  out ;  to  dispose  of,  or  waste. 

Spend-ing.     misA.-'mg. 
un.     Saint,   a  holy  person  ;  a  Christian. 

Saint-ly-like-ship.     unA\y. 
un.     Smooth,   glossy  ;  having  an  even  surface. 

Smooth-ly-ness-ed-er.     tinA.-ed. 
an.     Spoil,   to  ruin;  to  corrupt;  to  plunder. 

Spoil-ed-er-ing.     t/nAed. 
un.     Stain,   to  discolor  ;  to  blot,  or  spot ;  to  make  foul. 

Stain-ed-ing-less.     unAed. 


80  ANALYSIS      OF      THE 

SECTION  XXIII. 

PRIMITIVE  WOR.\S  OF  ONE  SYLLABLE    ENDING  WITH    FINAL  I 

un.     Safe,   secure  from  danger. 

Safe-ly-ty.     unA.-\y. 

Safc/y,    in  a  safe  manner. 

Safe/y,    in  a  state  secure  from  danger. 

ZT/isafe,   not  safe. 

CfwsafeZy,    in  an  unsafe  manner. 
un.     Bribe,   to  offer  a  reward  to  pervert  judgment. 

Bribe-ed-er*     t/wAed. 
un.     Fade,   to  lose  color  ;  to  decay  ;  to  vanisn. 

Fade-ed-ing.     w»Aed-ing. 
un.     Prune,   to  trim  ;  to  lop  off  useless  branches. 

Prune-ed-er-ing.     wnAed. 
im.     Pure,  genuine  ;  free  from  mixture. 

Pure-ly-ness-ity.     tmA.-ity. 
mis.     Rate,   to  tax  ;  a  tax,  or  price  fixed. 

Rate-ed-able.     misled. 
un.     Shame,   that  which  brings  reproach  ;  disgrace. 

Shame-ed-ful-fully-fulnsss-less-lessly.     unAed. 
un.     Tame,   to  make  gentle  ;  to  domesticate. 

Tame-ed-ing-able-ableness.     t/nAed-able. 
un.     Trade,   to  barter  ;  to  buy  and  sell. 

Trade-ed-er-ing.     unjng. 
un.     Urge,   to  press  ;  to  press  by  motives  ;  to  importun* 

Urge-ed-ing-ent-ently-ency.     w?/Aed. 
re.     Crime,   an  offence  ;  a  violation  of  law. 

Crime-ful-  less-inal-inally-inality-inate.     ruinate. 
Crude,   raw  ;  in  a  natural  state  ;  rough. 

Crude-ly-nes8-ity. 


*  Observe  Rules  1st  and  2d,  throughout  this  section. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  81 

un.     Fruit,   productions  of  the  earth  ;  as  grain,  &c. 

Fruitful-fully-fulness-less.     t//iAful-ness. 
un,     Fright,   sudden  fear,  or  alarm. 

Fright-ful-fully-fulness-less.     t//iAened. 
re.     New,   lately  made  ;  recent ;  not  old. 

Renew,   to  make  new,  or  to  improve. 

New-ly-ness-ish.      reA.-ed-ing-al. 
un.     Thought,    an  idea  formed  in  the  mind. 

Thought-ful-fully-fulness-less-lessly.     nnAful. 
un.     Till,    to  cultivate  the  ground. 

Till-ed-ing-able.     unAe&. 
un.     Tax,   to  assess  a  tax ;  to  charge  ;  a  rate. 

Tax-ed-er-ing-able-ation.     t/nAed. 
over.  Whelm,   to  cover  with  water ;  to  overburden. 

Whelm-ed-ing.     overA.-ed-ing. 
un.     Wrap,   to  wind,  or  fold  together ;  to  involve. 

Wrap-ped-per-ping.     i//iAped.     See  Rule  6th. 
be.     Wail,   to  lament ;  to  express  sorrow  audibly. 

Bewail,  to  bemoan.     Wail-ed-ing.     foA.-ed-ing 
un.     Chaste,   pure ;  uncorrupted.     See  Rule  1st. 

Chaste-ly-ity.     unA,     injty. 
un      Curve,   to  bend  in  a  circular  form. 

Curve-ed-ing-ity-ature.     tinned, 
in.     Cure,   to  heal,  as  a  disease. 

Cure-ed-able.     inAable-ability.     u/iAed. 
over.  Diive,   to  impel ;  to  urge  forward  by  fnrce. 

Drive-ing-er.     overA.     tinAen. 
be.     Guile,    craft ;  cunning ;  artifice. 

Beguile,   to  impose  on  by  artifice. 

Guile-ful-fully-fulness-lcss.     beA.-ed. 
ag.     Grieve,   to  mourn  ;  to  give  pain  of  mind  to. 

Grieve-ed-ing«ingly-ou9-ously-ou«ines9. 


82  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

SECTION  XXIV. 

PRIMITIVE    WORDS    OF    TWO    SYLLABLES. 

un      Accost,   to  address  ;  to  speak  to,  face  to  face. 

Accost-ed-ing.     t/nAed. 

Accost^,   did  address,  or  was  addressed. 

Accosting,    continuing  to  address. 

Un&ccosted,   was  not  addressed. 
un.     Affirm,   to  assert  positively  ;  to  declare. 

Affirm-ed-ing-ance-ation-ative.     unAe&. 
un.     Arrest,   to  take  a  person  with  a  warrant ;  to  stop 

Arrest-ed-ing-ment.     wnAed. 
un.     Complain,   to  murmur,  or  find  fault. 

Complain-ed-ing-ant.     t/nAing. 
dis.     Content ;  to  satisfy  ;  to  quiet ;  easy  ;  satisfied. 

Content-ed-edly-edness-ment.     cfa?Aed-ment. 
un.     Defend,   to  vindicate  ;  to  drive  back  ;  to  repel. 

Defend-ed-er-ing-ant.     «nAed. 
un.     Delight,   a  high  degree  of  pleasure  ;  to  please. 

Delight-ful-fully-fulness-some-someness.     un  Jul 
pre.    Design,   to  plan  ;  to  project ;  to  delineate  a  figure 

Design-ed-ing-less.    />reA.-ed-ing. 
un.     Exert,   to  put  forth  power  of  body,  or  mind. 

Exert-ed-ing-ion.     unAe&. 
un.     Instruct,   to  teach  ;  to  impart  knowledge. 

Instruct-ed-ing-or-ion-ive.     t/»Aed-ive. 
un.     Impeach,   to  accuse,  or  censure. 

Impeach-ed-ing-ment.     wnAed-able. 
un.     Molest,   to  trouble,  or  disturb. 

Molest-ed-er-ing-ation.     t/nAed. 
self    Neglect,   to  omit  by  carelessness,  or  design 

Neglcct-cd-ful-fully-ing.     self  ,-mg. 


EtfOLISH     LANGUAGE.  S.'J 

un.     Adapt,    to  make  suitable  to  the  use.     Apto%  to  fit. 

Adapt-ed-edness-ation.     t/nAed. 
un.     Addict,   to  apply  one's  self  habitually  to. 

Addict-ed-ing.     «nAed.     Dicoy  to  dedicate, 
un.     Arraign,   to  call  to  the  bar,  as  a  prisoner. 

Arraign-ed-ing.     unAe&. 
un      Assail,   to  attack  ;  to  fall  upon  by  violence. 

Assail-ed-ing.     i/nAed.     Salio,  to  leap, 
un,     Blemish,   to  injure  ;  a  mark  of  deformity. 

Blemish-ed-ing-less .     t/nAed-able-ably . 
un.     Cancel,   to  blot  out ;  to  cross  out,  or  annul. 

Cancel-ed-lation.  unAe&.     Cancello,  to  cut  cross-wiso 
un.     Counsel,   to  give  advice  ;  to  recommend. 

Counsel-ed-ing-or-orship.     tmAed. 
mis.  Demean,   to  behave  either  well,  or  ill. 

Demean-ed-ing.     misled. 
un.     Except,   to  leave  out ;  to  exclude  ;  to  object  to. 

Except-ed-ing-ion-ionable .     unj  on  able . 
un.     Expand,  to  enlarge  ;  to  spread. 

Expand-ed.     Expan-sion-sive-sibility. 
un.     Extol,    to  praise  ;  to  eulogize  ;  to  raise  in  words. 

Extol-led-ling.     See  Rule  6.     Tollo,  to  lift  up. 
un.     Hallow,   to  make  holy  ;  to  consecrate. 

Hallow-ed-ing.     wnAed. 
un.     Tarnish,   to  sully  ;  to  soil ;  to  become  dull. 

Tarnish-ed-ing.     v/iAed. 
in.      Valid,   having  sufficient  strength,  or  power. 

In  validate,   to  weaken,  or  make  weaker. 

Valid-ly-ity.     tnA.-ity-ate-ating. 
an.     Vital,    pertaining  to  life.      Vita,  life. 

Vitalize,   to  give  life. 

Vital-l;*-ity-ize-ization. 


84  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

all.    Abhor,   to  hate  extremely  ;  to  loathe,  or  detest. 

Abhor-red-rence-rent.     crZ/Ared.     See  Rule  6. 
anti.  Asthma,   difficulty  of  breathing. 

Asthma-tic.     antijic.     See  Appendix,  No.  1,  Rule  8 
ant.    Arctic,   northern  constellation,  called  the  Bear. 

Anfartic,   opposite  to  the  arctic, 
un.     Benign,  or  Benignant,   kind  disposition  ;  favorable 

Benig-Nant-nantly-nity.     unji. 
over.  Clamor,   a  great  outcry,  or  noise.     Clamo,  to  cry. 

Clamor-ous-ously-ousness .     over  ^ons . 
un.     Canvass,   to  examine  returns  of  votes  ;  to  discuss 

Canvass-ed-er-ing.     unKe&. 
over.  Captious,   disposed  to  find  fault ;  apt  to  cavil. 

Captious-ly-ness.     overA.     Capio,  to  take, 
un.     Comfort,   ease  ;  relief  from  pain  ;  rest. 

Comfort-less-able-ably-ableness.     */7iAable-ably. 
un.     Contemn,   to  despise,  or  reject  with  disdain. 

Contemn-ed-ing.     t/wAed.     Temno,  to  despise, 
un.     Discard,   to  dismiss  ;  to  cast  off,  or  reject. 

Discard-ed-ing.     t/nAed. 
un.     Distrain,   to  seize,  or  take  for  debt. 

Distrain-ed-or-ing.     Stringo,   to  touch  lightly, 
un.     Endow,   to  furnish  with  money,  or  goods  ;  to  enrich  ; 

Endow-ed-ment.     unAe&.  [to  settle  on. 

un.     Escort,    to  guard  on  a  journey  ;  a  guard. 

E8cort-ed-ing.     vnAed. 
un.     Exempt,   to  free  from,  or  to  be  free  from. 

Exempt-ed-ing-ion.     t/nAed.     Emo,  to  buy. 
un.     Expect,   to  wait  for  ;  to  look  for  either  good,  or  evil. 

Expect-ant-ancy-ation.     t/nAed.     Specio,  to  see. 
re.      Echo,   to  resound,  or  reflected  sound. 

Echo-ed-ing.     reA.-cd-ing. 


ENGLISH      LANGUAGE.  85 


un.     Forbear,   to  abstain  from  ;  to  delay,  or  to  cei 

Forbear-ancc-ing.     unjng. 
un.     Forfeit,   to  lose  by  some  fault,  offense,  or  crime. 

Forfeit-ed-ing-ure.     «/iAed. 
ef.      Florid,    abounding  with  flowers  ;  flushed  with  red. 

Florid-ity-ly-ness.     Flos,  a  flower, 
un.     Genteel,   polite  ;  well  bred  ;  easy  in  manner. 

Genteel-ly-ness.     w/?A.-ly. 
un.     Hazard,   to  expose  to  chance,  or  peril ;  chance. 

Hazard-ed-er-ing-ous-ously-able.     ti/iAed-ous. 
dis.    Honest,  just;  fair  in  dealing;  frank;  sincere. 

Honest-ly.     disAAy.     Honor,  honor, 
un.     Harbor,   to  shelter  ;  a  port  for  a  ship  ;  a  place  of  safety 

Harbor-ed-er-ing-less .     u  nAed-ing. 
un.     Infest,   to  trouble  greatly  ;  to  disturb,  or  harass. 

Infest-ed-er-ing.     t/nAed. 
un.     Insult,   to  abuse  ;  abuse  ;  insolence.     Salio,  to  leap 

Insult-ed-er-ing.     unAe&. 
un.     Invent,   to  find  out  something  new ;  to  contrive. 

Invent-ed-or-ion-ive.     wnAed-ive.     Venio,  to  come, 
over.  Jealous,   fearing  rivalship. 

Jealous-Iy-ness.     overA.     unA. 
un.     Lament,   to  mourn ;  to  grieve,  or  bewail ;  to  regret 

Lament-ed-ing-able-ably-ation.     unAed. 
self.  Murder,   to  kill  a  human  being  unlawfully. 

Murder-er-ess-ed-ing-ous-ously.     sclf^-eT. 
re.      Murmur,   to  complain  ;  to  grumble  ;  a  low  sound. 

Murmur-ed-er-ing-ingly.     n/iAed-ing. 
re.      Model,   to  shape  ;  a  pattern  of  something  to  be  made 

Model-ed-er-ing.     reAed-ing.     Modus,  a  measure. 
un.     Perform,   to  accomplish  ;  to  do  ;  to  fulfill. 

Perform-ed-er-ing-ance.     unAed-ing. 


bO  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

SECTION  XXV. 

PRIMITIVE    WORDS    OF    TWO    SYLLABLES    CONTINUED. 

un.     Abash,   to  confuse  ;  to  make  ashamed. 

Abash-ed-ing-ment.     t/nAed. 
un.     Appall,   to  depress  with  fear  ;  to  be  dismayed. 

Appall-ed-ing-ingly-ment.    uwAed.    Palleo,  to  be  pale 
un.     Condemn,   to  pronounce  guilty,  or  wrong. 

Condemn-ed-ing-ation-atory-able.     i/nAed. 
un.     Candid,    open  ;  frank  ;  impartial ;  free  from  biaa. 

Candid-ly-ness.     unAAy.     Candeo,  to  be  white, 
un      Despair,   without  hope  ;  a  hopeless  state. 

Despair-ing-ingly.     unjng.    De,  without ;  spes,  hope 
m.      Desert,   to  forsake  ;  deserving  good,  or  evil. 

Desert-ed-er-ing-ion.     tnA.     t*wAed. 
hi.      Decent,   becoming  in  words,  behavior,  or  dress. 

Decent-ly-ness.     inA.-ly.     Decet,  it  becomes 
dis.    Embroil,   to  involve  in  troubles  ;  to  perplex, 

Embroil-ed-ing.     disA.-ed-mg 
im.     Partial,   biased  ;  showing  favor  without  a  reason. 

Partial-ly-ity.     «wA.-ly-ity.     Pars,  a  part, 
ira.     Precise,    exact ;  nice  ;  formal. 

Precise-ly-ness-ion.     imjon.     unA. 
un.     Renown,   to  make  famous  ;  fame  ;  celebrity 

Renown-ed-edly-edness.     unAe&. 
un.     Request,   to  petition  ;  an  expression  of  desire. 

Request-ed-ing.     unAed.     Quaero,  to  ask. 
un      Supplant,   to  undermine  by  stratagem 

Supplant-ed-er-ing-ation.     tznAed. 
m.      Tranquil,    calm  ;  peaceful ;  not  agitated. 

Tranquil-ize-izing-ness-lity.     injity. 

//^tranquillity,  want  of  rest;  inquietude. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  8/ 

mis.  Avouch,   to  declare  ;  to  witness  to. 

Avouch-ed-er-ing.     misA. 
an.     Bewitch,   to  fascinate  ;  to  charm. 

Bewitch  ed-er-ing-ment.     unAe&. 
J  is,    Entomb,   to  deposit  in  a  tomb. 

Entomb-ed-ing.     unAed.     disA. 
un      Ferment,   to  heat,  or  work  ;  to  set  in  motion. 

Ferment-ed-ation-able.     unAe&. 
pre.    Omen,    a  sign,  or  indication  of. 

Omin-ous-ously-ness-ate .    pre  jute . 
un.     Relent,   to  soften  in  temper  ;  to  feel  compassion. 

Relent-ed-ing-less-lessly.     wnjng-ingly. 
un.     Refract,   to  break  the  course  in  rays  of  light. 

Refract-ed-ion-ive-ory.     «nAed.     Fractus,  broken 
un.     Resent,   to  take  ill ;  to  be  offended. 

Resent-ed-ing-ment-ful-fully.     tmAing. 
un.     Reveal,   to  disclose,  or  make  known. 

Reveal-ed-ing-able.     Revelation, 
un.     Sustain,   to  bear ;  to  uphold,  or  support. 

Sustain-ed-er-ing-able .     wnAed-able. 
un.     Sophist,    a  false  reasoner.     Sophia,  wisdom. 

Sophisticate,   to  use  sophistry. 

Sophist-ical-icate-ication.     wnjcal-icated. 
e.       Special,   particular.     Especial,  very  particular. 

Special-ly.     eA.-ly.     Specio,  to  see. 
un.     System,   an  assemblage  of  principles,  or  things. 

Systemize,  or  Systematize,  to  reduce  to  system. 

System-atic-atical-ize-ized.     ti/iAatic-ized. 
in.      Timid,   fearful,     /ntimidate,  to  make  afraid. 

Timid-ly-ity-ness.     i/iAate-ated-ation. 
all.     Triumph,   to  obtain  a  victory;  to  rejoice  for  victory. 

Triumph-ed-er-ing-al-ant-antly.     a//4ing. 


88  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

un.     Answer,   to  speak  in  return  ;  to  reply. 

Answer-ed-ing-able.     t/nAed-able-ably. 
super.  Angel,    a  spirit ;  a  celestial  being. 

Angel-ic-ical-ically.     super  jc. 
in.      Differ,   to  disagree  ;  to  be  unlike. 

Differ-ent-ently-ence.     tnAent-ently. 
en.     Danger,   peril  ;  risk;  exposure  to  injury. 

Endanger,   to  expose  to  injury. 

Danger-ous-ously-ousness.     enA.-ed-mg. 
un.     Drama,    a  composition  representing  a  picture  of  human 
life.     See  Appendix,  No.  1,  Rule  8th. 

Drama-tic-tical-tically-tist.     t/nAtic-tical-tically. 
un.     Emblem,   representation  by  similar  qualities. 

Emblem-atic-atical-atically .     wnAatic . 
un.     Harass,   to  tease  ;  to  perplex  ;  to  molest ;  to  weary. 

Harass-ed-er-ing.     t//iAed. 
dis.    Honor,   to  revere  ;  esteem  due  to  worth  ;  dignity. 

Honor-ed-ing-able-ably.     «?t\sA.-able-ably. 
im.     Moral,   relating  to  virtuous  conduct. 

Moralize,   to  make  moral.     Mos,  a  custom. 

Moral-ize-ized-ization-ity.     imA.-ity. 
un.     Profit,    gain,  or  advantage  ;  to  improve. 

Profit-less-able-ably-ableness.     uwAable-ably 
co.     Partner,   one  who  shares  with  another. 

Partner-ship.     coA.-ship. 
im.     Peril,    danger  ;  risk  ;  hazard  ;  jeopardy. 

Peril-ous-ously-ousness.     t/wA.-ed. 
un.     Question,   to  interrogate  ;  the  subject  of  dispute. 

Question-ed-er-ing-able .     un  Aed-able-ably . 
un      Symbol,   a  sign  of  any  moral  thing  by  images. 

Symbolize,   to  represent  by  symbols. 

Symbol-ic-ical-ically-izc-izcd-izing. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  89 

post  Nuptial,  pertaining  to  marriage. 

Postnuptial,  after  marriage.     Nubo,  to  marry, 
un.     Pardon,   to  forgive  an  offense  ;  to  remit  a  penalty. 

Pardon-ed-er-ing-able-ableness.     unAed-able-ably. 
im.     Pious,   godly  ;  religious  ;  respect  for  parents. 

Pious-ly.     tmA.-ly.     Pietas,  piety, 
im.     Proper,   fit ;  particularly  suited  to ;  just. 

Proper-ly.     imA.-ly.     Prope,  near, 
un.     Punish,   to  affect  with  pain  ;  to  chastise. 

Punish-ed-er-ing-able.     t/nAed-ing-able. 
un.     Pension,   annual  allowance  of  money  by  government. 

Pension-er-ary,   one  who  receives  a  pension,   tinned 
ante.  Penult,  or  Penultimate,   the  last  syllable  of  a  word  ex- 
cept one.     Pene,  almost ;  ultimus,  the  last. 

Penult-imate.     anteA.-imate. 
anti.  Poison,  to  affect  with  poison ;  a  substance  which,  if 
taken  into  the  stomach,  destroys  life  ;  infectious. 

Poison-ed-ing-ous-ously-able.     antiA. 
com.  Pupil,   a  scholar ;  the  apple  of  the  eye. 

Pupil-age-ary.     Cowipupil,   a  fellow-pupil, 
un.     Ransack,  to  search  thoroughly ;  to  pillage. 

Ransack-ed-ing.     t/nAed. 
co.     Regent,   one  ruling,  or  governing.     Rex,  a  king. 

Reg-Ent-ency-entship.     coA.     nonh. 
un.     Regret,  to  grieve  ;  grief;  sorrow  of  mind. 

Regret-ted-ting-ful.     nnAted.     See  Rule  6th. 
un.     Repeat,   to  do  again  ;  to  utter  again. 

Repeat-ed-ing.     tinAed.     Peto,  to  ask,  or  seek. 
arch.  Rebel,   to  revolt  from  government ;  one  who  revolts 

Rebel-led-lion-lious.     archA.     Bellum,  war. 
un.     Righteous,  just  according  to  the  Divine  law. 

Righteous-ly-ness.     t/nA.-ly-ness. 


90  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

SECTION  XXVI. 

PRIMITIVE    WORDS    OF    TWO    SYLLABLES,    ENDING    WITH    8 

un.     Dilate,*    to  expand ;  to  enlarge  ;  to  widen. 

Dilate-ed-ing-ion.     unAed. 

Dilated,   was  expanded,  or  enlarged. 

Dilating,    continuing  to  expand 

Dilation,   the  act  of  expanding. 

UndilaXed,   was  not  expanded, 
un.     Attire,   to  dress  ;  ornamental  clothes. 

Attire-ed-er-ing.     ww4ed. 
un.     Corrode,   to  rust ;  to  eat  away  by  degrees. 

Corrode-ed-ing-ible-ibility.     unjed. 
un.     Deserve,   to  merit ;  to  be  worthy  of  good,  or  evil. 

Deser  ve-ed-edly-ing-ingly .     t/nAed-edly . 
un.     Defense,    any  thing  that  secures  protection. 

Defense-ive-ively-less-lessness.f     unAive. 
un.     Desire,   to  wish  for  the  possession  of. 

Desire-ed-ing-ous-ously-able .     tmAed-able . 
in       Docile,   teachable  ;  ready  to  learn. 

Docile-ity.     tnA.-ity.     Docilis. 
un.     Expense,    cost ;  charge  ;  price. 

Expense-ful-fully-less-ive-ively-iveness.     unjve. 
un.     Endure,    to  last ;  to  undergo.     Durus,  hard. 

Endure-ed-ing-ance-able.     wrcAing-able. 
en.     Feeble,   weak ;  infirm.     Enfeeble,   to  make  feeble. 

Feeble-ness.     enA.-ed-ing. 
un.     Humble,   to  abase  ;  meek ;  lowly.     Humilis. 

Humble-ed-ing-ness.     wnAed. 
en.     Rapture,   transport  of  joy.     Z?rtrapture,  to  give  joy  to. 

Rapture-ous-ously.     enA.-ed-ing. 

*  See  Rule  1st  \  See  Rule  2d. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  91 

un.     Achieve,   to  perform  ;  to  execute  ;  to  finish,  or  gain 

Achieve-ed-ment-ance-able.     UTiAed-able. 
n.      Coerce,   to  restrain  by  force  ;  to  compel. 

Coerce-ed-ion-ible-ive.     tnAible. 
un.     Confine,   to  limit,  or  bound  ;  a  border,  or  edge. 

Confine-ed-ing-ment.     «/nAed-able.     Finis,  end. 
un.     Contrite,   broken-hearted  for  sin  ;  penitent. 

Contrite-ly-ness-ion.     Tritum,  to  rub. 
pre.    Decease,   to  die  ;  departure  from  this  life. 

Decease-ed.    preA.-ed..     Cedo,  to  yield, 
un.     Explore,   to  search  for,  or  to  view  with  care. 

Explore-ed-er-ing-ation.     wnAed-able. 
un.     Invite,   to  ask  ;  to  request ;  to  allure. 

Invite-ed-ing-ingly-ation.     w/iAed-ing. 
un.     License,   to  grant,  or  give  permission  ;  leave. 

License-ed-ing.     wnAed.     antiA. 
im.     Passive,    suffering ;  not  active  ;  not  opposing. 

Passive-ly-ness-ity.     i;nA.-ry.     Potior,  to  suffer. 
de.     Picture,   a  painting ;  a  likeness  drawn  in  colors. 

Depict,   to  form  a  likeness.     Depict-ed-ing. 
un.     Profane,   to  pollute  ;  irreverence  to  sacred  things 

Profane-ed-ing-ity-ation-ly.     Fanum,  a  temple, 
un,     Repine,   to  murmur  ;  to  feel  discontent. 

Repine-ed-er-ing-ingly.     wnjng-ingly. 
un.     Rebuke,   to  chide  ;  to  reprove,  or  punish. 

Rebuke-ed-ing-ful-able.     tinAed-able. 
un.     Restore,   to  give  back,  or  replace  ;  to  heal. 

Restore-ed-ing-able-ation-ative.     t/nAed. 
un.     Vitiate,   to  injure  the  substance  of  any  thing ;  to  make 

Vitiate-ed-ing.     t/nAed-ing.  [impure 

in.      Urbane,    civil ;  courteous  in  manners. 

Urbane-ity.     inAity.     Urbs,  a  city. 


92  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

un.     Amuse,   to  entertain  the  mind  agreeably. 

Amuse-ed-ing-ment-ivc.     t/nAed. 
un.     Allure,    to  entice  ;  to  decoy,  or  tempt. 

Allure-ed-er-ing-ment.     t/nAed. 
un.     Abridge,   to  make  shorter  ;  to  lessen.     Brevis,  short 

Abridge-ed-ing-ment.     t/wAed. 
un.     Appease,   to  make  quiet ;  to  calm,  or  pacify. 

Appease-ed-ing-able.     t/nAed.     Pax,  peace, 
un.     Apprise,   to  give  notice  to  ;  to  inform. 

Apprise-ed-er-ing.     t/nAed. 
un.     Censure,    to  blame  ;  the  act  of  blaming. 

Censure-ed-able-ableness.     wnAed-able. 
un.     Despise,   to  scorn  ;  to  have  the  lowest  opinion  of. 

Despise-ed-ing-able-ableness.     unAed. 
un.     Divulge,   to  make  public  ;  to  disclose,  or  tell. 

Divulge-ed-ing-er.     wwAed. 
un.     Deprave,   to  make  bad  ;  to  corrupt ;  to  impair. 

Deprave-ed-ing-ity-ation.     w/iAed. 
un.     Divorce,   to  dissolve  the  marriage  covenant. 

Divorce-ed-er-ing-ment.     «nAed. 
un.     Elate,   to  raise,  as  the  mind  or  spirits  ;  to  puff  up. 

Elate-ed-ing-ion.     unAe&.     See  Rule  8th. 
un.     Injure,   to  hurt,  or  wound.     Injury,  damage. 

Injure-ed-er-ing-y-ious-iously.    tmAed.    See  Rule  3d 
un.     Imbibe,   to  drink  in  ;  to  absorb.     Bibo,  to  drink. 

Imbibe-ed-ing.     wnAed. 
un.     Torture,   to  inflict  pain  on  body,  or  mind. 

Torture-ed-er-ing.     unAe&. 
un.     Trouble,   to  agitate,  or  disturb  ;  affliction. 

Trouble-ed-some-8omely-someness.     t/nAed. 
un.     Virtue,   moral  goodness,  or  excellence. 

Virtue-ous-ously-less-al-ally.     r/nAous. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  93 

mis    Behave,   to  conduct  well,  or  ill ;  to  act. 

Behavior,   manner  of  behaving. 

Behave-ed-ing-ior.     mi  sA.-ed-ior. 
un.     Chastise,   to  punish  ;  to  correct.     Castigo,  to  beat. 

Chastise-ed-ing-able-ment.     t/nAed. 
m.      Commute,   to  exchange  one  thing  for  another. 

Commute-ed-ation-ati  ve-able-abil  ity .         t  nAable-ably- 
ability.     t//iAed.     Muto,  to  change, 
un.     Comprise,   to  contain,  or  include. 

Comprise-ed-ing-al.     unAed. 
en.     Circle,   a  curve  bending  round  till  both  ends  meet. 

Encircle,   to  enclose  in  a  circle.     £ncircle-ed-ing. 
re.      Double,   to  fold  ;  twice  the  sum  ;  twice  as  much. 

Double-ed-ing-ness.     reA.-ed-ing.     Duo,  two. 
un.     Dilute,   to  make  thin,  or  weak  ;  to  render  more  liquid 

Dilute-ed-ing-ion.     t/nAed.     Diluo,  to  dilute. 
dis.    Entrance,   to  put  in  a  trance  ;  to  enrapture. 

Entrance-ed-mg-ment.     </wA.-ed-ing. 
un.     Expunge,   to  blot  out,  as  with  a  pen  ;  to  erase. 

Expunge-ed-ing.     tinAed.     Pungo,  to  prick, 
un.     Enhance,   to  increase  ;  to  raise,  or  aggravate. 

Enhance-ed-ing-ment.     wnAed. 
un.     Excise,   an  inland  duty  on  goods. 

Excise-man,   an  excise  officer, 
un.     Exile,   to  banish ;  one  sent  into  banishment. 

Exile-ed-ing-ment.     nnAed. 
un.     Infringe,   to  break,  as  a  contract ;  to  transgress. 

Infringe-ed-ing-ment.     tinAed.     Frango,  to  break. 
self.  Indulge,   to  permit  to  be  ;  to  suffer ;  not  to  check. 

Indulge-ed-ent-ently-ence.     self Aence.  [nounced. 

Lecture,   to  discourse ;    a  discourse,  read,  or  pro- 

LeotiM-e-ed-er-ing-ship.     Lego,  to  read,  or  choose. 


94  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

inter.  Meddle,   to  have  to  do  with  ;  to  handle,  or  touch. 

Meddle-er-some-someness.     tnterA.-ed-ing. 
un.     Muffle,   to  cover  from  the  weather  ;  to  blindfold. 

Muffle-ed-er-ing.     wnA.-ed-ing.  [remark, 

un.     Notice,   to  observe ;    observation   by   the    senses ;    a 

Notice-ed-ing-able.     unAe&.     Nosco,  to  know, 
un.     Nurture,   to  nourish  ;  to  bring  up,  or  educate. 

Nurture-ed-ing.     unAed.     Nutrio,  to  nurse. 
un.     Pollute,   to  defile  ;  to  profane,  or  violate. 

Pollute-ed-ing-ion.     unAed.     Polluo,  to  pollute. 
un.     Provoke,   to  make  angry  ;  to  offend.      Vocoy   to  call. 

Provoke-ed-ing-able.     t//iAed-ing. 
un.     Refute,   to  disprove  by  argument.     Refuto. 

Refute-ed-ing-al-ation-able.     tmAed. 
un.     Reprieve,   to  respite  after  sentence  of  death. 

Reprieve-ed-ing.     t//iAed-able. 
un.     Revile,   to  reproach  with  opprobrious  language. 

Revile-ed-er-ing-ingly-ment.     unAe&. 
un.     Rescue,   to  deliver,  or  save  from,  as  from  danger. 

Rescue-ed-er-ing-able.     wnAed. 
un.     Reserve,   to  keep  in  store  ;  to  hold  back  in  the  mind. 

Reserve-ed-edly-edness-ation.     wnAed-edly. 
un.     Relieve,   to  free  from,  or  remove  in  part. 

Relieve-ed-ing-able.     t/7iAed-able. 
in.      Sincere,  real;  unfeigned.  Sincere-ly-ness-ity.  tnA.-ity 
un.     Succinct,   brief;  short,  or  compressed. 

Succinct-ly-ness.     Cinctus,  a  girdle. 
over.  Sedate,   settled  ;  composed ;  calm. 

Sedate-ly-ness-ive.     ovcrA. 
un.     Surprise,   to  come,  or  fall  upon  suddenly. 

Surprise-ed-ing-ingly-al.     unAed. 

Tragedy,    a  dramatic  poem.     Trag-ic-cal-ically. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  N 

an.     Expose,    to  lay  open  ;  to  make  liable  ;  to  offer. 

Expose-ed-uro-ition-able.     t/nAed. 
un.     Erase,   to  rub,  or  scrape  out,  as  letters. 

Erase-ed-ure-ion-ment.     Rado,  to  scrape, 
un.     Enlarge,   to  make  greater  ;  to  extend. 

Enlarge-ed-ing-merfh     unAe&. 
un.     Obscure,   to  darken  ;  not  intelligent. 

Obscure-ed-ity-ation.     t/nAed. 
dis.    Oblige,   to  constrain  to  do  ;  to  do  a  favor  to. 

Oblige-ed-ing-ation-atory.     disced. 
im.     Provide,   to  procure  beforehand  ;  to  foresee. 

Provide-ed-ent-ence.     imAent.     unAe&. 
un.     Prepare,   to  fit ;  to  adapt,  or  make  ready. 

Prepare-ed-ing-ation-ative.     tmAed-edly. 
ir.      Retrieve,   to  recover  again  ;  to  repair. 

Retrieve-ed-able.     irAable-ably.     t*nAed. 
ir.      Revere,   to  regard  with  fear,  mingled  with  respect. 

Revere-ed-ence-ential-ently.     irAent-enco. 
un.     Salute,   to  greet  with  kind  wishes  ;  to  hail. 

Salute-ed-ing-ation-atory.     t/nAed. 
dis.         Concert,   to  contrive  together  ;  to  arrange,  or  adjust 

Z)isconcert,   to  frustrate,  or  derange. 

Concert-ed-ing.     tfoA.-ed-ing-ion. 
re.      Splendor,   great  brightness.     Splendid  ;  showy. 

.Resplendent,   very  bright ;  brilliant. 

Splend-or-id-idly.     reAent-ently-ency. 
un      Season,   to  give  relish  to  ;  part  of  the  year. 

Seasonable,   timely,  or  in  time. 

Season-able-ably-ableness.     wnAable-ably. 
un.     Spirit,   the  soul ;  breath  ;  air,  &c. 

Spiritualize,   to  make,  or  become  spiritual. 

Spirit-ual-ually-uality-ualize-ualization. 


96  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

SECTION  XXVII. 

PRIMITIVE  WORDS    OF    TWO    SYLLABLES,  ENDING  WITH   Y. 

un.     Annoy,   to  molest ;  to  disturb,  or  incommode. 

Annoy-ed-er-ing-ance.#     twAed. 
iis.    Array,   to  deck,  or  dress  ;  the  order  of  troops. 

Array-ed-ing.     disA.-ed-ing.     unAe&. 
un.     Betray,   to  deliver  up  by  treachery  ;  to  mislead. 

Betray-ed-er-ing-al.     unAed. 
un.     Convey,   to  carry,  or  transport ;  to  transfer. 

Convey-ed-er-ing-ance-ancer-able. 
un.     Defray,   to  pay  expenses  ;  to  discharge. 

Defray-ed-ing-er.     unAe&. 
un.     Delay,   to  linger  ;  to  stay,  or  postpone. 

Delay-ed-ing-er.     unAed-ing. 
un.     Essay,   to  try,  or  attempt ;  a  trial. 

Essay-ed-ing-er.     t/rcAed 
mis.    Employ,   to  occupy  the  time  ;  to  keep  busy  ;  to  us«. 

Employ-ed-er-ing-ment.     7m.sA.-ed-ing-ment. 
un.     Money,   coin  ;  stamped  metal,  as  silver. 

Moneyed,   rich  in  money.     Money-less.     wwAed. 
dis.    Obey,   to  comply  with  ;  to  yield  to. 

Obey-ed-er-ing-ingly.     disA.-ed-'mg.     unAe&. 
un.     Portray,   to  paint,  or  draw  a  likeness  of. 

Portray-ed-ing-er-al.     wnAed. 
re.      Survey,   to  take  a  view  of;  to  measure. 

Survey-ed-or-ing-orship.      reA.-ed.     wnAed. 
un.     Waylay,   to  watch  with  evil  intent. 

Waylay-ed-er-ing.     wnAed. 
un.     Dismay,   to  deprive  of  firmness  of  mind. 

Dismay-ed-edness-ing-ful.     t/wAed. 

*  See  Exception  2d,  under  Rule  3d. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  97 

SECTION  XXVIII. 

PRIMITIVE    WORDS    OF    THREE    SYLLABLES. 

ill.     Abandon,   to  desert ;  to  forsake  utterly. 

Abandon-ed-ing-er-ment.     allAe&. 
un      Abolish,   to  make  void  ;  to  destroy  ;  to  abrogate. 

Abolish-ed-ing-ment.     unAed.     Aboli-Tion-tionist. 
un.     Ambition,    a  desire  to  excel ;  a  desire  of  eminence 

Amb-itious-itiously-ness.     tmjtious-itiously. 
un.     Benefit,   to  profit ;  an  act  of  kindness. 

Bene-Fit-fited-ficial-ficially.     wnAfited-ficial. 
un.     Condition,   the  particular  state  of  a  thing. 

Condition-al-ally-ality.     t/nAal-ally. 
un.     Demolish,   to  destroy  ;  to  lay  in  ruins. 

Demolish-ed-er-ing.     imAed. 
un.     Endeavor,   to  attempt ;  to  try  to  do. 

Endeavor-ed-ing.     unAed-ing. 
un.     Execute,   to  perform  ;  to  effect,  or  do  something. 

Execu-Tion-tive-tor-trix.     t//tAed. 
ab.     Origin,   the  beginning  of  any  thing  ;  source 

Originate,   to  bring  into  existence. 

Origin-al-ally-ality-ate-ated-ation.     a£Aal. 
un.     Relinquish,   to  withdraw  from ;  to  quit. 

Relinquish-ed-ing-ment.     unAed. 
un.     Sanction,   to  ratify  ;  to  confirm.     Scuictio. 

Sanction-ed-er-ing.     t*nAed. 
un.     Supersede,   to  make  void  ;  to  displace. 

Supersede-ed-ure.     Sedeo,  to  sit ;  super,  over, 
over.  Timorous,   fearful  of  danger  ;  timid. 

Timorous-ly-ness.     Timor,  fear, 
over.  Tedious,   tiresome  ;  fatiguing.     Tcdious-ly-ness. 
mis.   Understand,   to  comprehend  ;  to  know. 

9 


98  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

un.     Accomplish,   to  complete  ;  to  finish  ;  to  gain. 

Accomplish-ed-ing-ment.     unAed.     Pleoy  to  fill 
un.     Counterfeit,   to  forge,  or  imitate  ;  to  dissemble. 

Counterfeit-ed-er-ing-ly.     unAed. 
un.     Comely,   becoming  ;  graceful ;  handsome. 

Comely-ness.     t/*A.-ness.     See  Rule  3d. 
un.     Decipher,   to  explain  ;  to  unravel ;  to  unfold. 

Decipher-ed-er-able.     t/nAed-able-ably. 
un.     Diploma,   a  writing  giving  authority,  or  honor. 

Diplomacy,   the  customs  of  embassadors. 

Diploma-cy-tic.     unjic.     Appendix,  No.  1,  Ruic  8tb 
over.  Difficult,   hard  to  be  made,  or  done. 

Difficult-y.     overA.     Dis,  not ;  facilis,  easy, 
nn.     Elicit,   to  draw  out,  or  bring  to  light ;  to  deduce 

Elicit-ed-ing-ation,     unAe&. 
un.     Encounter,   to  meet  face  to  face  ;  a  fight 

Encounter-ed-ing-er.     unAe&. 
un.     Embellish,   to  adorn  ;  to  beautify,  or  decorate 

Embellish-ed-ing-er-ment.     unAe&. 
un.     Embroider,   to  adorn  with  needlework. 

Embroidery,   variegated  needlework. 

Embroider-ed-er-ing.     t/nAed. 
un.     Entertain,   to  receive  and  treat  with  hospitality 

Entertain-ed-ing-ment.     unAe&. 
anti.  Fanatic,   wild  and  extravagant  in  opinions. 

Fanatic -al-ally-ism.     antiA.     Fanum,  a  temple, 
mis.    Interpret,   to  explain  words,  as  to  the  sense. 

Interpret-ed-er-ing-ation.     mis  A.-ed'ing. 
un.     Interrupt,   to  hinder  by  breaking  in  upon. 

Interrupt-ed-ing-ion.     t/nAed-edly. 
un.     Intercept,   to  seize  on  by  the  way,  or  to  stop. 

IntOTcept-ed-ing-ion.     wn4ed.      Cupio,  to  take. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  N 

SECTION  XXIX. 

PRIMITIVE    WORDS    OF    THREE    SYLLABLES  CONTINUED. 

re.      Assemble,   to  collect  in  numbers  ;  to  congregate. 

Assemble-ed-ing-er.     reA.-ed.     t/nAed. 
dis.    Advantage,   benefit ;  promotion  of  interest. 

Ad  vantage -ously.*     e?i,sAous"ously"ousne3s. 
in.      Audible,   that  may  be  heard.     Audio,  to  hear 

Aud-ible-ibly-ience-itory.     inAible-ibly. 
un.     Analyze,   to  resolve  a  body  into  its  elements. 

Analyze-ed-er-ing-ation.     unAed. 
un.     Beguile,   to  delude  ;  to  deceive  by  craft. 

Beguile-ed-er-ing-ment.     unA.-ed-ing. 
un.     Betoken,   to  show  by  signs.     Betoken-ed-ing.      t//i4ed 
in.      Credulous,    apt  to  believe  without  evidence. 

Credul-ous-ously-ity.     iwAous-ously-ity. 
un.     Discipline,    education  ;  correction  ;  government. 

Discipline-ed-ing-ary-arian-able.     t//iAed. 
un.     Dissemble,   to  disguise  ;  to  deceive. 

Dissemble-ed-er-ing.     t/nAed-ing. 
in.      Evident,    plain  ;  clear  ;  obvious  ;  manifest. 

Evid-Ent-ence-encing-ential-ently.     inAent. 
un.     Institute,   to  appoint ;  to  establish  ;  to  enact. 

Institute-ed-ing-ion-ional-ive.     tinAed. 
un      Persecute,   to  pursue  to  injure  ;  to  harass. 

Persecute-ed-or-ion.     tmAed.     Sequor,  to  follow, 
im      Placable,   that  may  be  appeased.     Placo,  to  appease 

Plac-Able-ability.     tmAable-ability-ably. 
ir.      Resolute,   firm ;  bold.     Resolute-ly-ion.     trA.-ly-ion. 
un.     Ridicule,   to  mock,  or  laugh  at  in  contempt. 

Ridicule-ed-ous-ously-ousncss.     w»Aed 

*  See  Exception  under  Rule  1st 


100  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

un.     Analogy,   a  likeness  to,  in  some  respects. 

Anal-ogy-ogous-ogical.     unAogo\\s. 
un.     Distinguish,   to  discern,  or  show  a  difference. 

Distinguish-ed-able-er.     t/nAable. 
dis.     Interest,   to  concern,  or  affect ;  advantage. 

Interest-ed-ing.     <foAed-edly-edncss-ing. 
im.     Manacle,    a  handcuff,      /mmanacle,  to   put  on  hand 

cuffs  ;  to  enslave.     Manus,  the  hand. 
un.     Patriot,   a  lover  and  defender  of  his  country. 

Patriot-ic-ism.     unAic.     Patria,  one's  country, 
un.     Petition,   to  make  a  request  to  ;  to  ask  from. 

Petition-ed-er-ing.     tmAed.     Pcto,  to  ask. 
im.     Penitent,    one  who  repents  of  his  sins  ;  contrite. 

Penit-Ent-ence-ency.     imAent-ence-ency. 
un.     Popular,   pertaining  to  the  common  people  ;    beloved 
by  the  people.     Popular-ity.     Populus,  people, 
im.     Polity,   the  form  of  civil  government. 

Poli-Ty-cy-tic-tical.     nnAtic.     Polls,  a  city. 
im.     Probity,   tried  virtue,  or  integrity  ;  strict  honesty. 

/improbity,    want  of  integrity. 
ir.      Regular,   uniformly  the  same.     Rcgo,  to  rule. 

Regular-ly-ity.     irA.-ly-ity. 
un.     Repugnant,   opposed  ;  contrary  to  ;  inconsistent. 

Repug-Nant-nantly-nance-nancy.     Pugno,  to  fight. 
un.     Extinguish,   to  put  out ;  to  quench,  or  destroy. 

Extinguish-ed-er-ing-able.     t/wAed-able. 
ua      Important,   of  great  consequence  ;  weighty. 

Important-ly.     allA.     unAAy. 
In.      Feasible,   that  may  be  done  ;  practicable. 

Feas-ible-ibly-ibility-ness.     tViA.-ibility-iiess. 
un.     Solicit,   to  ask  for  ;  to  seek  by  petition. 

Solicit-ed-or-ous-ously-ude-ation.     t/nAed-ous. 


/mi?* 

EN0LI8H     LANOOAOa"^  101 

dis.    Continue     to  remain  in  any  place  ;  to  extend. 

Continual  and  Continuous,  mean  continuing. 

Continue-ed-ous-ously-al-ally-ance-ation. 

Z^A.-ed-ing-ance-ation-ous.     Teneo,  to  hold, 
over.  Tenacious,   adhesive  ;  holding  fast.     Teneo,  to  hold. 

Tenacious-ly-ness.     Tenacity,  adhesiveness, 
mis.   Represent,   to  show  ;  to  exhibit,  or  describe. 

Represent-ed-ing-ation-ative.     i7ii>Aed-ation. 
un.     Discomfit,   to  rout ;  to  defeat,  or  scatter  in  flight. 

Discomfit-ed-ing-ure.     t/«Aed. 
un.     Domestic,   belonging  to  the  house  ;  tame. 

Domesticate,   to  make  tame. 

Domestic-ate-ated-ation-ally.     wnAated. 
un.     Ornament,   to  adorn  ;  that  which  adorns. 

Ornament-ed-ing-al-ally.     unAed-al.     Orno,  to  adorn 
im.     Plausible,   that  may  be  applauded  ;  apparently  right. 

Plaus-ible-ibly-ibility-ibleness.     trouble, 
un.     Parallel,   running  in  accordance  with,  or  lying  side  bf 

side,  equally  distant,  as  lines, 
anti.  Puritan,   a  dissenter  from  the  Church  of  England. 

Puritan-ic-ical-ically-ism.     antiA. 
im      Pregnable,   that  may  be  taken  by  force. 

impregnable,   that  can  not  be  taken  by  force, 
un.     Reprimand,   to  reprove  severely  ;  a  reproof. 

Reprimand-ed-ing.     unAed. 
un.     Replenish,   to  fill ;  to  furnish;  to  complete. 

Replenish-ed-ing.     unAed.     Plcnus,  full. 
Irrigate,   to  water  ;  to  moisten.     Irrigate-ed-ing-ion. 
an.     Romantic,   pertaining  to  romance  ;  wild  ;  fanciful. 

Romantic-ally-ness.     t</iAally. 
Sedition,   rebellion  against  law,  or  government. 

Sedit-ion-ionary-ious-iously. 


102  ANALY8I8     OF     THE 

SECTION  XXX. 

PRIMITIVE    WORDS    OF    THREE    AND    FOUR    SYLLABLES 

un.     Affable,   easy  of  conversation  and  manners. 

Aff-Able-ably-ability-ableness.*     unAMe. 
in.      Congruous,   suitable  ;   consistent ;   fit. 

Congru-ous-ously-ity.     inAous-ity. 
non.   Contagious,   generating  contagion  ;  catching. 

Contagious-ly-ness.     nowA.-ness.     unA. 
in.      Contiguous,   touching;  meeting;  joining. 

Contigu-ous-ously-ity.     i;iAous-ously. 
in.      Corrigible,   that  may  be  set  right,  or  corrected. 

Corrig-ible .     t  nAible  -ibly  -  ibility-ible  ness 
semi.  Deist,   one  who  denies  Revelation. 

De-ist-istic-istical-ism.     semi Aistica\. 
de.     Predal,   pertaining  to  prey,  or  plunder. 

Depredate,   to  plunder,  or  rob.     Prada,  prey. 

Pred-Al-aceous-aceously-atory-atorily.     cfoAate-ation. 
im.     Probable,   likely  to  be;  that  may  be.     Probo,  to  prove 

Prob-Able-ably-ability.     tmAable-ability. 
anti.  Paralysis,   palsy.     Paralyze,   to  afflict  with  palsy. 

Paraly-sis-tic-ze-zed.     anti Atic . 
un.     Sagacious,    acute  in  discernment ;  quick  of  thought. 

Saga-cious-ciously-ness-city.     w/^cious. 
in.      Scrutable,   discoverable  by  inquiry,  or  examination. 

Scrut-Able.     tnAable-ably.     Scrutor,  to  search. 
in.      Tangible,   that  may  be  touched.     Tango,  to  touch. 

Tang-ible-ibly-ibility-ent.  wAible-ibly-ibility-iblcness 
©.       Vacant,   empty  ;  void  ;  not  filled.     Vacans. 

Vacate,   to  make  empty.     .Evacuate,   to  leave. 

Vac-Ant-ancy-ated-ating-ation.     eAuate-uatcd-uation. 

*  See  explanation,  page  72. 


ENGLISH     LANOUAOK.  103 

in       Artificial,   made  by  art ;  feigned.     Facto,  o  make 

Artificial-ly-ity-ness,     i/iA.-ly.     unAAy, 
un.     Assiduous,   diligent ;  persevering ;  careful. 

Assidu-ous-ously-ousness-ity.     unAous. 
semi.  Barbarian,    a  man  in  a  savage  state  ;  uncivilized. 

Barbarous,  cruel ;  inhuman ;  savage  ;  brutal. 

Barbar-ous-ously-ity-ism-ian.     $eimAous-ian. 
in.      Corporeal,  or  Corporeous,   having  a  material  body. 

Corpore-Al-ous-ally.     iViAal-ally. 
mis.  Conjecture,   to  surmise,  or  guess. 

Conjecture-ed-al.     ww4.     Jacio,  to  cast, 
in.      Discover,   to  find  out ;  to  lay  open  to  view 

Discover-ed-ing-able.     triable.     unAed. 
in.      Ebriety,   drunkenness.     Ebrietas. 

/nebriate,   to  make  drunk ;  a  drunkard, 
in.      Experience,   to  try  by  use  ;  a  series  of  trials. 

Experience-ed-ing.     unAed.     inA.-ed. 
in.      Felicity,   happiness.     Felix,  happy. 

Felicitate,   to  wish  joy  to  ;  to  congratulate. 

Felicit-ous-ously-ate-ation.     tnAous-y. 
in.      Exorable,   that  may  be  moved  by  entreaty. 

Exora-Ble-bly.     tnAble-bly.     Oro,  to  entreat, 
in.      Evitable,   that  may  be  shunned.      Vito,  to  shun. 

Evita-Ble.     tnAble-bly-bleness. 
un.     Invidious,   envious  ;  likely  to  incur  ill-will. 

Invidious-ly-ness.     unA. 
un.     Manufacture,   to  make  by  hand,  or  art. 

Manufacture-ed-ing-or.     vnAed. 
non.  Resemble,   to  bear  the  likeness,  or  similitude  oi 

Resemble-ed-ing-ance.     nonAmce. 
in.      Susceptible,   capable  of  something  more. 

Suscept-ible-ibly-ibility-ness.     i»A.-ibility. 


104  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

in.      Clement,   mild  in  disposition  ;  gentle  ;  kind. 

Clcm-Ent-ently-ency.     tnAent-ently-ency. 
im.     Patient,   enduring  evils  without  murmuring. 

Pati-Ent-ently-ence.     tmAent-ently-ence. 
im.     Prudent,    careful  of  consequences  ;  cautious. 

Prud-Ent-ently-ence-ential-entially. 

7mAent-ently-ence.     Prudens,  foreseeing, 
un.     Pliant,   that  may  be  easily  bent ;  flexible. 

Pli-Ant-able-ability-ableness.     t/nAant-able. 
in.      Competent,    sufficient  for  ;  adequate. 

Compet-Ent-ence-ency.     iflAcnt-ence-ency. 
im.     Pertinent,   relating  to  the  matter  in  hand. 

Pertin-Ent-ence-ency.     tV»Aent-ence-cncy. 
im.     Permanent,   remaining  unchanged. 

Perman-Ent-ently-ence.     imAent-ence. 
un.     Prominent,    standing  out ;  jutting. 

Promin-Ent-ently-ence-ency.     t*nAent. 
•n.      Nutriment,   that  which  nourishes  ;  food. 

Nutri-Ment-mental-tion-tious-tiously-tive. 

7nAtious-tive-tion.     Nutrio,  to  nourish, 
in.      Expedient,   suitable  for  the  purpose  ;  useful. 

Expedi-Ent-ently-ence-ency.     i/iAent-ence-ency. 
Expedite,   to  hasten ;  to  quicken  ;  to  dispatch. 

Expedite-ed-ing-ion-ious-iously. 
in.      Experiment,    a  trial ;  to  make  trial. 

Experi-Ment-mental-mentally-ence.     inAence. 
in.      Deficient,   wanting  in  something ;  not  sufficient. 

Defici-Ent-ently-ence-ency.     tnAent-ency. 
Incipient,   beginning;  commencing. 

Incipi-Ent-ently-ency. 
aemi.  Transparent,   admitting  a  passage  for  light. 

Transpar-Ent-ency.     *«miAcnt-ency. 


ENGLISH     LANOUAOI.  105 

SECTION  XXXI. 

PRIMITIVES  OF  THREE  AND  FOUR  SYLLABLES,  ENDINO  WITH  E 

un.     Actuate,   to  incite,  or  move  ;  to  put  in  action. 

Actuate-ed-ing.#     unAe&.     Actum,  done, 
in.      Accurate,    in  exact  conformity  to  truth. 

Accurate-ly-ness-cy.     tnA.-cy.     See  Rule  9th. 
un.     Conjugate,    to  give  the  inflections  of  a  verb. 

Conjugate-ed-ing-ion.     Jungo,  to  join  ;  con,  with, 
un.     Consummate,   to  end  ;  to  finish,  or  complete. 

Consummate-ed-ing-ion.     t/nAcd.  [treasury, 

un.     Confiscate,   to  adjudge    to   be   forfeited  to   the  state 

Confiscate-ed-ation.     Fiscus,  a  money-bag. 
un.     Dedicate,   to  set  apart  to  a  sacred  use. 

Dedicate-ed-ing-ion-ory.     wnAed. 
un.     Emulate,   to  strive  to  equal,  or  excel. 
Emulate-ed-ing-ion.     unjng. 
Emanate,   to  issue  from  ;  to  flow  from. 
Emanate-ed-ing-ion.     Mano,  to  flow, 
re.      Iterate,   to  repeat,  or  do  a  second  time. 

Iterate-ed-ion.     t/nAed.     Iterum,  again, 
un.     Illustrate,   to  make  clear ;  to  explain. 

.  Illustrate-ed-ing-ion-ive.     wnAed. 
re.      Ingratiate,   to  commend  one's  srlf  to  another's  good 

will,  or  kindness.     Ingratia'e-cd.     reA.-ed. 
pre.    Intimate,   to  hint  at ;  familiar. 

Intimate-ed-ion-ly-cy.    pre  Aion. 
ex.     Legislate,   to  enact  laws.     Lex,  a  law. 

Legislate-ed-ion-or-ure-ive.     *rAor. 
re.      Masticate,   to  chew,  or  grind  with  the  teeth. 

Masticate-ed-ing-ion.     reA.-ing.     Mastico,  to  chew. 

*  Observe  Rule  lat,  also  the  8th  and  9th,  throughout  this  section. 


106  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

in.      Adequate,   equal  to  ;  fully  sufficient.     Aequus. 

Adequate-ly-ness-cy.     tnA.-cy. 
in.      Delicate,   nice  ;  feeble  ;  of  a  fine  texture. 

Delicate-ly-ness-cy.     t/iA.-ly-cy. 
un.     Dissipate,   to  scatter  ;  to  drive  asunder. 

Dissipate-ed-ing-ion.     t/nAed. 
pre.    Dominate,   to  rule.     Predominate,  to  rule  over 

Dominate  -ed-ion.     />reA.-ed-ing-ion. 
un.     Estimate,  to  value  ;  to  set  a  value  on. 

Estimate-ed-ing-ion.     unAed.     i»Able-bly. 
un.     Extirpate,   to  pluck  up  by  the  roots. 

Extirpate-ed-ing-ion.     i//tAed. 
un.     Fabricate,   to  construct ;  to  manufacture. 

Fabricate-ed-ing-or-ion.     wwAed. 
un.     Congratulate,   to  wish  joy  to  another. 

Congratulate-ed-ing-ion-ory.     wnAed. 
un.     Insulate,   to  place  in  a  detached  situation. 

Insulate-ed-ing-or-ion.     wwAed.     Insula,  an  island, 
un.     Initiate,   to  introduce  ;  to  instruct  in  first  principles 

Initiate -ed-ion-ory.     unAe&.     Eo,  to  go  ;  in,  in. 
im.     Maculate,   to  spot,  or  to  stain.     Macula,  a  stain. 

Maculate-ion.     tmA.-ion-ly-ness. 
un.     Mutilate,   to  cut,  or  break  off ;  to  mar. 

Mutilate-ed-ing-ion.     unAe&.     Mutilo,  to  lop  off. 
in.      Numerate,   to  number.     Numero,  tc  number. 

Numer-Ate-ated-ation-able-ator.     twAable-ably. 
ap.     Proximate,   nearest,     ^proximate,  to  come  near. 

Proximate-ly.     a/>A.-ed-ing-ion. 
un.     Stipulate,   to  bargain  ;  to  contract,  or  settle 

Stipulate-ed-ing-ion-or.     w/iAed. 
un.     Salivate,   to  produce  an  unusual  discharge  of  saliva. 

Salivate-ed-ing-ion.     wnAed. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  107 

un.     Abbreviate,   to  shorten.     Brevis,  short. 

Abbreviate-ed-ing-ion-or-ory.     unAed. 
un.     Affiliate,   to  adopt  as  a  son.     Filius,  a  son. 

Affiliate-ed-ing-ion.     t/nAed. 
un.     Ameliorate,   to  make  better.     Melior,  better. 

Ameliorate-ed-ing-ion.     t*/iAed.  [peat. 

re.      Capitulate,   to  surrender  by  treaty,  as  an  army ;  to  re- 

Capitulate-ed-ion-or.     reA.-ed-ion.     Caput,  the  head 
un.     Expatriate,   to  banish  ;  to  quit  one's  country. 

Expatriate-ed-ing-ion.     Patria,  a  country. 
Expostulate,   to  reason  earnestly. 

Expostulate-ed-ing-ion-or-ory.     Postulo,  to  ask. 
un.     Emancipate,  to  free  from  servitude. 

Emancipate-ed-or-ion.     wnAed. 
un.     Exaggerate,   to  enlarge  on  beyond  truth. 

Exaggerate-ed-ing-ion.     unAed. 
dis.    Incarcerate,   to  put  in  prison.     Career,  a  prison. 

Incarcerate-ed-ion.     disA.-ed. 
un.     Incorporate,   to  form  into  a  legal  body  ;  to  mix. 

Incorporate-ed-ing-ion.     unAed.     Corpus,  a  body, 
un.     Incarnate,   to  be  embodied  in  flesh. 

Incarnate-ed-ion.     Carnis,  flesh, 
il.       Legitimate,   lawful ;  to  make  lawful. 

Legitimate-ly-cy-ness.     i/A.-cy. 
com.  Peregrinate,   to  travel  from  place  to  place 

Peregrinate-ed-ing-ion.     eomjon. 
un.     Remunerate,   to  recompense,  or  repay. 

Remunerate-ed-ion.     wnAed.     Munus,  a  gift, 
un.     Retaliate,   to  return  like  for  like. 

Retaliate-ed-ion-ive-ory.     Talis,  such  like 
in.      Subordinate,  to  place  in  rank  below  ;  to  make  subject 

Subordinate-ly-ion.     t'/iA.-ion. 


108  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

un.     Adulterate,   to  pollute  ;  to  debase  by  mixture. 

Adulterate-ed-ing  ion.     unAe&.     Adultero. 
un.     Alleviate,   to  make  light ;  to  remove  in  part. 

Alleviate-ed-ing-ion.     unAed.     Levis,  light. 
un.     Ambiguous,   doubtful ;  having  two  or  more  meanings. 

Ambig-uous-uously-uity.    wnAuous.    Am,  round  ;  ago 
co.     Belligerent,   waging  war.    Gerens  Bellum.  [to  go 

m.      Commensurate,   reducible  to  the  same  measure. 

Commensurate-ion-bility-bleness.     i/iA.-ble . 
un.     Commiserate,   to  pity,  or  feel  sorrow  for. 

Commiserate-ed-ing-ion.     unAe&.     Miscereor,  to  pity 
in.      Combustion,   a  burning  ;  a  tumult,  or  uproar. 

Combust-ion-ible-ibleness.     iwjble-ibility. 
in.      Compatible,    consistent ;  suitable  ;  agreeable. 

Compat-ible-ibility.     i7iAible-ibly-ibility. 
Contumacious,   stubbornness ;  obstinacy. 

Contuma-cious-ciously-ciousness-cy. 
un.     Coagulate,   to  curdle  ;  to  congeal.      Coagulo. 

Coagulate-ed-ion-ble-bility.     unAed, 
in.      Discriminate,   to  distinguish  the  difference. 

Discriminate-ed-ly-ion.     a'/iA.-ly-ion. 
Ejaculate,   to  throw  out.     Ejaculate-ed-ing-ion-ory 
un.     Equivocate,   to  use  words  of  a  doubtful  meaning. 

Equivo-cate-cation-cal-cally.     t/nAcal-cally. 
un.     Exhilarate,   to  make  merry  ;  to  enliven  ;  to  cheer. 

Exhilarate-ed-ing-ion.     unAe&.     Hilaris,  merry 
un.     Perforate,   to  bore,  or  make  holes  through. 

Perforate-ed-ing-ion.     unAed. 
un.     Palliate,   to  cover  with  excuse  ;  to  lessen. 

Palliate-ed-ing-ion-ive.     Pallum,  a  cloak. 
un.     Ruminate,   to  muse  ;  to  meditate  ;  to  ponder. 

Ruminate-ed-ing-ion-or.     unAed. 


EN0LI8H     LANOUAOB.  109 

SECTION  XXXII. 

PRIMITIVES  OF  TWO  AND  THREE  8YLLABLE8,  ENDING  WITH  T. 

un.     Deny,   to  contradict ;  to  refuse,  or  disown. 

Deny-ed-ing-al-able.*     wwAed-able-ably. 
un.     Envy,   to  repine  at  another's  prosperity  ;  to  grudge. 

Envy-ed-ing-ous-ously-able.     t*nAed-ous-able. 
un.     Equity,   strict  justice  ;  right ;  impartiality. 

Equitable,   according  to  equal  rights. 

Equit-Able-ably-ableness.     t/wAable. 
in.      Efficacy,   power  to  produce  effects. 

Effica-cy-cious-ciously.     tnAcious-ciously. 
Gratuity,   a  free  gift.     Gratuit-ous-ously. 
over.  Industry,   habitual  diligence  ;  assiduity. 

Industry-al-ous-ously.     ovcrAous. 
un.     Luxury,   undue  indulgence  of  the  appetite  ;  a  dainty. 

Luxury-ous-ously-ousness.     unAous. 
un.     Mercy,   favor ;  kindness  ;  mildness. 

Mercy-ful-fully-fulness-less.     a/i/ul-fully. 
im.     Melody,   agreeable  succession  of  sounds. 

Melody-ous-ously.     imAous.     wnAous-ously. 
un.     Pity,   sympathetic  feelings  ;  tender  feelings. 

Pity-ful-fully-less-able-ably-ableness.     u/iAed-ful. 

Pite-ous-ously.     See  exception  first,  under  Rule  3d. 
un.     Perfidy,   treachery  ;  a  violation  of  faith,  or  trust. 

Perfidy-ous-ously-ousness.     unAous.  [evil, 

ir.      Remedy,  that  which  cures  a  disease,  or  counteracts  an 

Remedy-able -less-ing.     trAable-ably. 
un.     Symmetry,   a  due  proportion  of  parts. 

Symmetry-cal-cally.     wnAcal-cally. 

*  Observe  Rule  3d  and  its  exceptions,  throughout  this  section  ;  and 
also  Rules  4th,  10th,  and  11th,  and  the  exception  under  Rule  11th. 


110  ANALY8I8     OF     THE 

un.     Beautify,   to  make  beautiful ;  to  decorate. 

Beauti-Fy-fied-ful-less-ous-ously-ousness .    un Afit?d-ful 
un.     Clarify,   to  make  clear.     Clarus,  clear. 

Clarify-ed-er-ing-cation.     t/nAed. 
un.     Defy,   to  dare  to  combat ;  to  challenge. 

Defy-ed-ing-er-ance.     t/nAed-ing. 
un.     Espy,    to  discover  ;  to  see  at  a  distance. 

Espy-ed-ing.     t/nAed. 
un.     Edify,   to  improve  the  mind  in  knowledge. 

Edify-ed-ing-ingly-cation.     t/nAed-ing. 
un.     Fortify,   to  strengthen,  as  by  forts,  or  otherwise. 

Fortify-ed-ing-er-cation.     t/nAed. 
un.     Mortify,   to  destroy  vital  functions  ;  to  humble. 

Mortify-ed-ing-cation.     t/nAed.     Mors,  death, 
un.     Notily,   to  publish  ;  to  make  known. 

Notify-ed-er-ing-cation.     wnAed. 
un.     Ossify,   to  become  bone  ;  to  form  bone. 

Ossify-ed-ing-cation.     unAed. 
semi.  Petrify,   to  convert  to  stone  ;  to  make  callous. 

Petri-Fy-fied-fying-faction.  semijied.   See  Except  ion 
un.     Rectify,   to  make  right ;  to  correct.  [to  Rule  11th 

Rectify-ed-er-ing-cation.     wnAed. 
m.     Rarefy,   to  make  thin,  or  less  dense.     Rarus,  thin. 

Rare-Fy-fied-fying-faction-fiable.     unjied . 
un.     Ramify,   to  divide  into  branches.     Ramus,  a  branch. 

Ramify-ed-ing-cation.     t/wAed. 
dis.     Satisfy,   to  gratify  the  wants,  or  desires. 

Satis-Fy-fied-fying-faction.     t/nAfied-fyirig. 
ob.     Stupefy,   to  make  stupid  ;  to  blunt. 

Stupe-Fy-fied  -faction .     olfaction . 
un.     Vitrify,   to  become,  or  form  glass. 

Vitri-Fy-fied-faction-fiable.     unjied. 


SN0LI8H     LANGUAGE.  HI 

SECTION  XXXIII. 

DEFINING    BY    THE    USE    OF    TWO    PREFIXES. 

rnin  in.     Debt,   what  is  due  from  one  person  to  another. 

Debt-or.     inAed-edness.     uninAe&. 

Debtor,   the  person  who  owes  another. 

Indebted,    being  in  debt,  or  was  in  debt. 

Indebtedness,   the  state  of  being  in  debt. 

Unindebted,    was  not  indebted,  or  in  debt, 
un  in.     Apt,   fit ;  suitable.     Aptitude,  fitness. 

Apt-ly-ness-itudc.     tnAitude.     unAly. 
un  mis.     Aim,   to  point  at ;  to  try  to  accomplish. 

Aim-ed-er-ing-less-lessly.     misAed.     unAed. 
super  un.     Add,   to  put  together  ;  to  unite. 

Add-ed-ition-itional-itionally.     t/nAed.     super  A.-ed. 
ua  in.     Art,    skill ;  cunning.     Artificial,   made  by  art. 

Art-ful-fully-fulness-less-lessness-ificial-isan-ist.  mj  fie  ial 
oui  un.     Boast,   to  brag  in  speech  ;  to  exalt  one's  self. 

Boast-ed-er-ing-ful-fully.     tiding.     ou£A.-ed. 
all  un.     Dread,   great  fear  ;  apprehension  of  evil. 

Dread-ful-fully-fulness-less.     unAed.     allied, 
be  un.     Deck,  or  Bedeck,   to  adorn  ;  to  embellish,  or  clotho 

Deck-ed-er-ing.     t*nAed.     oeA.-ed-ing. 
un  re.     Draft,   to  delineate  ;  to  draw  the  outline. 

Draft-ed-ing.     r*A.-ed-ing.     ti/iAed. 
un  re.     Gain,   to  obtain  ;  to  win  ;  to  acquire. 

Gain-ed-er-ing.     r*A.-ed-ing.     t/n4ed. 
ap  il.     Laud,   to  praise  in  words.     Laus,  praise. 

Applause,   praise  given  to  ;  a  shout  of  approbation. 

Laud-able-ableness-atory.     i/Aable-ably.     apA.«cd. 
re  un.     Mind,   to  obey  ;  to  fix  the  thoughts  ;  the  intellect. 

Mind-ful-fully-less.     w/iAful-fully.     rfA\-cd. 


112  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

un  re.     Adorn,   to  deck,  or  ornament.     Orno,  to  deck. 

Adom-ed-ing-ment.     reA.-ed.     unAe&. 
mis  un.     Accept,   to  receive  what  is  offered  ;  to  agree. 

Accept-ed-ing-ance-ation-able-ably-ability.     i//*4able. 
un  re.     Adjust,    to  put  in  order  ;  to  settle.     Jus,  right. 

Adjust-ed-ing-ment.     reA.-e&.     unAe&. 
dis  un.     Allow,    to  grant ;  to  admit ;  to  afford. 

Allow-ed-ance-able.     tmAed.     disAed-able. 
pre  un.     Acquaint,   to  make  fully  known  ;  to  inform. 

Acquaint-ed-ing-ance.     unAe&.     pre  An.nce. 
selfun.     Deceit,    fallacy;  fraud;  cheat;  double  dealing. 

Deceit-ful-fully-fulness-less.     un  Jul.     selfA. 
all  un.     Devour,   to  eat  with  greediness  ;  to  destroy. 

Devour-ed-ing.     unAe&.     allAmg.     Voro,  to  devour, 
in  un.     Discern,   to  distinguish  by  the  eye,  or  senses. 

Discern-ed-ible.     t/nAed.     injble.     Cerno,   to  see. 
re  un.     Discuss,    to  debate.     Quatio,  to  shake  ;  dis,  apart. 

Discuss-ed-ing-ion.     unAe&.     reA.-ed. 
super  self.     Exalt,    to  raise  high  ;  to  elevate.     Alius,  high 

Exalt-ed-ing-ation.     sclfAmg~ixtion.     superjLtion. 
un  in.     Exhaust,   to  draw  out ;  to  drain. 

Exhaust-ed-ion.     mAible.     Haurio,  to  draw  ;  ex,  out. 
m  un.     Explain,   to  make  plain  ;  to  expound. 

Explain-ed-able.     Explan-Ation-atory.     unAed. 
over  re.     Flourish,    to  grow  luxuriantly  ;  to  thrive. 

Flourish-ed-ing.     reA.-ing.     overA.     Flos,  a  flower, 
in  un.     Fracture,  or  infraction,   a  breach  ;  a  rupture. 

Fract-ure-ion-ional.     un Aured.     Frango,  to  break. 
re  un.     Install,   to  induct,  or  place  in  office. 

Install-ed-ation-ment.     ?//zAed.     reA.-ed-ing-ment. 
il  un.     Limit,   to  bound,  or  set  bounds  to. 

Limit-ed-able-ation-less.     un.ed.     i/.able. 


ENGLISH      LANGUAGE.  113 

re  un.     Adjourn,   to  defer  till  another  time. 

Adjourn-ed-raent.     unAe&.     reA.-ed.  [own 

re  un.     Adopt,   to  take  a  child  as  an  heir;  to  take  as  one's 

Adopt-ed-ion.     t/wAed     reA.     Opo,  to  choose.  [oil 

dis  un.     Anoint,   to  pour  oil  on  ;  to  consecrate  by  the  use  of 

Anoint-ed-er-ing-ment.     urtAe&.     disA.  [tions 

re  un.     Assault,   to  attack  with  violence,  or  hostile  inteh 

Assault-ed-er-ing.     unAed.     r*A.-ed. 
self  un.     Banish,   to  condemn  to  exile  ;  to  drive  away. 

Banish-ed-ment.     unAe&.     selfjncnt. 
mis  un.     Bestow,   to  give  ;  to  impart  to,  or  confer. 

Bestow-ed-ing-al-ment.     unAed.     misAed. 
de  inter.     Nation,    a  body  of  people  under  one  government 

Nation-al-ally-ality-alize.  internal.  cfeAalize.   Natus,  born 
im  un.     Perish,   to  die  ;  in  a  state  of  decay. 

Perish-ed-ing-able.     unjng.     imAable-ableness. 
im  un.     Prosper,   to  render  successful ;  to  thrive. 

Prosper-ed-ous-ously-ity.     t/nAous-ously.     tiwAity. 
re  un.     Publish,   to  make  public  ;  to  utter,  or  print. 

Publish-ed-ing-ment.     unAed.     reA.-ed-ing. 
ir  un.     Redeem,   to  ransom,  or  purchase  back. 

Redeem-ed-er-ing-able.     twAed-able.     trAable. 
dis  un.     Regard,   to  look  toward  ;  to  notice  with  respect. 

Regard-ed-ful -fully-less.     unAe&.     Ji>A.-ed-ing-ful. 
ir  un.     Reproach,   to  censure  ;  to  treat  with  scorn. 

Reproach-ed-ful-fully-able.     unAed.     ir  Aablc-ably. 
out  un.     Rival,   to  strive  for  the  same  thing;  a  competitor. 

Rival-ed-ry-ship.     unAed.     0M/A.-ed-ing. 
in  un.     Support,   to  bear  up  ;  to  uphold  ;  to  maintain. 

Support-ed-er-able.     unAe&.     tnAable-ably.    [some  place 
re  un.     Summon,   to  call,  or  notify  by  authority  to  appear  ai 

Summon-ed-er-ing.     vnAed.     rfA.-cd-ing. 


1H  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

in  un.     Alter,   to  make  some  change  in.     Alter,  another 

Alter-ed-ing-ation-able-ability.     unAe&.     tnAable-ably 
in  un.     Contest,   to  dispute,  or  to  strive  ;  a  strife. 

Contest-ed-ing-able.     t/»Aed-able.     t/?Aable-ably. 
self  un.     Convict,  to  prove  guilty.      V\nco%  to  conquer. 

Convict-ed-ing-ion.     unAe&.     selfAed-ion. 
unac  ac.     Custom,    frequent,  or  common  use. 

Accustom,   to  make  familiar  by  use. 

Custom-ary-arily.     acA.-ed-ing.     unacxed. 
dis  un.     Enchant,   to  practice  sorcery  ;  to  delight. 

Enchant-ed-er-ing-ment.     unAe&.     disAe&. 
un  in.     Expert,   skillful ;  experienced  ;  prompt. 

Expert-ly-ness.     i/iA.-ness.     unA\y.     Perior,  to  try. 
super  un.     Intend,   to  mean,  or  design.     Tendo,  to  stretch 

Superintend,   to  have  the  charge  of;  to  oversee. 

Intend-ed-ing.     swperA.-ed-ent-ence-ency.     unAed. 
re  un      Invert,  to  turn  upside  down.     Verto,  to  turn. 

Invert-ed-edly-ing.     uwAed.     reAed. 
un  re.     Polish,   to  make  smooth  ;  refinement. 

Polish-ed-ing-er-able.    reA.-e&.    unAed.    Polio,  to  smooth, 
dis  un.     Sever,  or  Dissever,   to  separate  by  violence. 

Sevcr-ed-ing-ance.     t/wAed.     <fo'.?A.-ed-ing-ance. 
un  in.     Suffer,  to  endure  what  is  painful ;  to  allow. 

SufTer-ed-ing-er-ance-able.     t>iAable-ably.     unAmg. 
un  in.     Temper,   disposition  ;  mood  ;  humor. 

Temperate,   moderate ;  abstemious. 

Temper-ate-ately-ance.     t/iAate-ately-ance. 
reir  "n.     Vigor,   energy  ;  active  strength. 

invigorate,   to  make  vigorous.     Vigor,  strength. 

Vigor-ous-ously.     tnAate-ated-ating.     reinAate-ated. 
all  un.     Worship,   to  perform  religious  service  ;  to  respect 

Worship-ed-er-ing-ful.     imAed-ing.     a//Aing. 


EM/LISH     LANGUAGE.  115 

re  un.     Assert,   to  affirm,  or  aver  ;  to  declare. 

Assert-ed-ing-ion-or.     tmAed.     r*A.-ed-ion. 
re  un.     Attack,    to  assail  by  force,  or  words. 

Attack-ed-ing-able.     t/nAed-able.     reA.-ed. 
dis  un.     Avow,   to  declare  openly.     Voveo,  to  vow. 

Avow-ed-edly-al.     unAe&.     di.?A.-ed-ing-al. 
in  un.     Civil,   relating  to  policy  ;  sober;  well-bred. 

Civilize,   to  reclaim  from  a  savage  state. 

Civil-ly-ity-ize-ized-ization.     t/«A.-ized.     injty. 
in  un.     Congeal,   to  become  thick,  or  stiff.     Gelu,  frost. 

Congeal-ed-ing-able-ation.     unAed.     tnAable. 
in  un.     Control,   to  govern  ;  to  keep  under  check. 

Control-led-ier-lable.     unAed.     mAlable.     See  Rule  6tL 
in  un.     Corrupt,   to  vitiate,  or  make  worse. 

Corrupt-ed-ing-er-ion-ible.     unAed.     tnAible-ibly-ion. 
un  dis.     Inthr all,  or  Enthrall,   to  enslave. 

Inthrall-ed-ing-ment.     dtsA.-ed-ing-ment.     unAed. 
un  re.     Foment,   to  bathe  with  warm  liquors  ;  to  excite. 

Foment-ed-er-ing-ation.     rcA.-ed.     unAed. 
dis  un.     Favor,   to  befriend  ;  kind  regard  ;  resemblance. 

Favor-ed-able-ably-ableness.     disA.~ed.     wnAable-ably 
un  in.     Frugal,    sparing  ;  a  prudent  use  of. 

Frugal-ly-ity.     tnA.-ity.     t/nA.-ly. 
in  un.     Grateful,   thankful  ;  having  a  sense  of  benefits. 

Grateful-ly-ness.     t/wA.-ly-ness.     inA.-ly-ness. 
mis  un.    Record,  to  register  ;  to  write  in  ;  a  register  of  facta 

Record-ed-er-ing-ership.     unAed.     misAed. 
dis  un.     Relish,   to  please  the  taste  ;  a  pleasing  taste. 

Relish-ed-ing-able.     wnAed.     J;^A.-ing. 
in  un.     Utter,   to  speak,  or  pronounce  words. 

Utter-ed-ing-able-ance.     i/;iAed-able.     tnAable. 

Vanish,    to  disappear.      Vanish-ed-ing. 


116  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

in  un.     Active,   having  the  power  of  quick  motion  ;  busy 

Active-ly-ness-ity.     unA.     t/iA.-ly-ity. 
in  un.     Diminish,   to  lessen  ;  to  impair.     Minus,  less. 

Diminish-ed-ing-able.     unAeo\.     twAable. 
re  un.     Deliver,   to  free  ;  to  surrender  ;  to  utter  a  speech. 

Deliver-ed-er-ing-ance-able-y.     unAe&.     reA.-ed-ance-y. 
dis  un.     Embarrass,   to  perplex  ;  to  render  intricate. 

Embarrass-ed-ing-ment.     wnAed-ing.     dis A.-ment. 
in  non.     Elastic,    springing  back  ;  rebounding. 

Elastic-al-ally-ity.     nonA.     i7iA.-ity. 
super  un.     Excel,   to  go  beyond  ;  to  surpass.    Celsus,  lofty 

Excellent,   better  than  common  ;  of  great  worth. 

Excel-lent-lence-lency .     st//>crAlent-lencc . 
reen  en.     Joy,    gladness  ;  mirth  ;  hilarity. 

Joy-ful-fully-less-ous.    See  Exception  2d,  under  Rule  3d 

Enjoy,   to  take  pleasure  in.     rec/iA.-ed-ing-ment. 
un  dis.     Order,   to  direct ;  regular  arrangement. 

.Disorder,   to  put  out  of  order.    Order-ed-ing-ly.  disAAy 
unem  em.     Power,   force  ;  ability  to  do,  or  cause. 

Power-ful-fully-fulness-less-lessness. 

Empower,   to  give  power  to.     unemAe&. 
over  ap.     Prize,  or  Apprize,   to  set  value  on;  to  value. 

Prize-ed-er.     «pA.-ed-al-ment.     overAeo\. 
dis  un.     Serve,   to  work  for  ;  to  wait  on.     Service,  labor. 

Serviceable,   that  does  service.     Servile,  slavish. 

Serve-ice-iceable-iceably-iceableness-ant-ile-ility- 
ileness-itude.     i/nAiceable.     disA--iceableness. 
dis  mis.     Trust,   to  confide  in  ;  confidence. 

Trust-ed-ful.     misA.-e&.     rfwA.-ed-ful.* 
in  un.     Vary,   to  alter  in  any  manner  ;  to  differ. 

Vary-ed-ing-able.     i';*Aable-ably.     See  Rule  3d. 
*  Mistrust,  implies  suspicion  ;  Distrust,  want  of  confidence. 


ENGLISH     LANOUAOI.  \\1 

SECTION  XXXIV. 

DEFINING    BY    THE    USE    OF    TWO    PREFIXES    CONTINUED. 

pre  super.     Eminent,   high  ;  exalted  in  rank. 

Emin-Ent-ently-ence.     super  Aent-ently.    />reAently-ence 
dis  in.     Obedient,   submissive  to  authority. 

Obedi-Ent-ently-ence.     mAent-ently.     (fo^ent-ently-enc© 
ar  de.     Range,   to  set  in  a  row  ;  to  rove  at  large. 

Range-ed-ing.     cteA.-ed-ing-ment.     arA.-ed-ing-ment. 
disen  en.     Cumber,  or  incumber,   to  load,  or  burden. 

Cumber-ed-ing-some-someness.     e«A.-ed-ing. 

E/icum-Ber-bering-brance.     c?is£/iA.-ed-ing-brance. 
unpre  pre.     Destine,   to  ordain,  or  appoint ;  to  doom. 

Destine-ed-ing-y-ation.    /?reA.-ate-ated-ation.    t/wpreAated 
unen  en.     Dear,   of  high  price  ;  beloved  ;  precious. 

Dear-ly-ness.     enA.-ed-ment.     unenxed. 
mis  un.     Fashion,   to  shape  ;  the  shape,  or  form. 

Fashionable,   according  to  fashion  ;  genteel. 

Fashion-ed-ing-able-ably-ableness.     t//iAable.    mis^-ed 
re  un.     Importune,   to  request,  or  solicit  with  urgency. 

Importunate,   urgent,  or  pressing  in  a  request. 

Importune-ed-ing-ate-ately-ity.     unAed.     reA.-ed. 
fore  un.     Mention,   to  state,  or  name  something. 

Mention-ed-ing-able.     wnAed-able.    fore  fid, 
irre  re.     Suscitate,   to  rouse  ;  to  call  into  life,  or  action. 

Suscitate-ed-ing-ion.     reA.-ed-ion.     irreAable. 
as  dis.     Similar,   resembling ;  like.     Similis,  like. 

.Assimilate,   to  make,  or  cause  to  be  like. 

Simil-Ar-arity.     <fo?Aar-arity.     <MAate-ated-ation 
anee.     Vapor,   an  invisible  elastic  fluid  ;  steam. 

Evaporate,   to  pass  off  in  vapor,  or  steam. 

Vapor-ous-ish.     eAate-ated-ation.     unAed 


118  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

ex  con.     Cave,  01  Cavern,   a  hollow  place  in  the  earth. 

Concave,   hollowing  inwardly.     Excavate,  to  dig  out. 

Cave-ern-ity.*     cowA.-ity.     erAate-ated-ation. 
de  in.     Fame,   public  report ;  rumor  ;  renown. 

Defame,   to  slander ;  to  speak  evil  of ;  to  libel. 

Fame-ous-ously.    tnAous-ously-y.   efeA.-ed-ing-ation-ator) 
in  unin.     Flame,   a  blaze  ;  fire,     /nflame,   to  set  on  fire. 

Flame-less,     uninjed.     iwA.-ed-ing. 

//rilam-Mable-mably-mability-mableness-matory. 
un  be.     Grudge,  or  2?egrudge,   to  envy,  or  murmur. 

Grudge-ed-ing-ingly.     beA.-ed.     w/?Aed-ing-ingly. 
mis  un.     Guide,   to  direct ;  a  conductor. 

Guide-ed-ing-ance.     77iisA.-ed-ance.     unAed. 
un  dis.     Own,   to  acknowledge  ;  to  have  legal  right  to. 

Own-ed-er-ing-ership.     disced.     unAed. 
inter  un.     Pledge,   to  pawn  something,  as  security ;  to  en- 
gage to  fulfil  a  promise,  or  declaration 

Pledge-ed-ing-or-ee.     unAed.     interred. 
dis  un.     Please,   to  excite  agreeable  emotions  in  ;  to  gratify. 

Please-ed-ing-ingly-ure-urable-urably.    wnAant.    disA.-ed- 
re  un.     Seize,   to  lay  hold  on  suddenly  ;  to  take.  [ure. 

Seize-ed-ing-ure-able.     unAed.     reA.-ure. 
non  in.     Sense,   the  faculty  by  which  external  objects  are 
perceived  ;  reason  ;  meaning  ;  import. 

Sense-less-lessly-ible-ibly-ibility-ibleness-ation. 

/rcAible-ibly-ibility.     rtonA.-ical-ically. 
un  in.     Shade,   to  screen  from  light ;  to  paint ;  obscurity. 

Shadc-ed-ing-ily-iness-y.     inAed.     unAed-y. 
be  un.     Time,   to  adapt  to  the  occasion  ;  duration. 

Time-ed-ing-less-lessly-ly-ist.     unA\y.     beA. 

#  Observe  Rulei  1st  and  2d,  throughout  this  section. 


ENGLISH    LANGUAGE.  HO 

all  un.     Atone,   to  expiate  an  offense  ;  to  make  amen  Is. 

Atone-ed-ing-ment.     unAed.     alljng. 
un  all.     Admire,   to  regard  with  wonder  ;  to  esteem. 

Admire-ed-ing-er-ation-able-ably-ability. 

-AZ/jng.     unjed-'mg.     Mir  or,  to  wonder, 
all  un.     Adore,   to  worship  ;  to  pay  divine  honor  to. 

Adore-ed-ing-ation-able.     wwAed.     a//Aing. 
un  in.     Converse,   to  talk.     Conversable,  free  in  discourse 

Converse-ed-able-ation-ational.     t/iAable.     unAb\e. 
un  mis.     Contrive,   to  invent ;  to  devise,  or  plan. 

Contrive-ed-ance-er-ment-able.     ww4.-ed     t/nAed. 
in  un.     Conclude,   to  decide  ;  to  finish  ;  to  infer. 

Conclusion,   final  decision.     Conclude-ed-ing.     t/nAed. 

Conclus-ion-ive-ively-iveness.     tnAive-ivcly. 
inter  ex.     Commune,   to  converse  ;  to  confer  together. 

Communicate,   to  impart  to  another  ;  to  give  information 

.Excommunicate,   to  cut  off,  or  expel  from  communion. 

Commune-ed-ion-icate-ication-icative-icant-icable. 

2?a?Aicate-ication.     intersection.     i/iAicable-icability. 
in  un.     Decide,   to  determine  ;  to  end  ;  to  fix. 

Decision,  final  determination.    Decide-ed-ing-er.    wnAed 

Decis-ion-ive-ively-iveness.     inAion-ive-ively-iveness. 
in  un.     Define,   to  explain  ;  to  mark  the  limits. 

Define-ed-er-ition-able.     t/nAed-able.     t/iAable. 
in  un.     Dispute,   to  contend  in  argument ;  strife. 

Dispute-ed-er-ation-able.     t//ived.     tnAable. 
pre  un.     Declare,   to  tell  explicitly  ;  to  make  plain. 

Declare-ed-ation-ative-atory.     wwAed.     />r<?Aation. 
mis  un.     Fortune  ;  success  ;  good  luck  ;  wealth. 

Fortunate,  successful ;  lucky ;  prosperous. 

Fortune-ate-ately.     t/7iAate-ately.     mi>A.-atc. 

Fortuitous,  accidental ;  happening  by  chance. 


120  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

un  dis.     Agree,   to  assent;  to  be  of  one  mind. 

Agreeable,   pleasing.     .Disagreeable,  not  pleasing. 

Agree-ed-ing-ment-able-ably-ableness. 

D/sA.-ed-ing-able-ably-ableness.     t/nAed-able. 
dis  un.     Abuse,   to  use,  or  treat  ill.     See  Rule  1st. 

Disabuse,   to  free  from  mistake  ;  to  undeceive. 

Abuse-ed-ive-ively-ness.     u/?Aed.     c2t£A.-ed-ing. 
re  un.     Compile,   to  collect  matter  for  a  book. 

Compile-ed-er-ing-ation.     unAed.     reA.-ment 
in  un.     Compare,   to  liken  one  thing  to  another. 

Compare-ed-ison-able-ative.     t/nAed.     t/iAable-ably. 
mis  un.     Construe,   to  translate  ;  to  interpret. 

Construe-ed-ing.     unAe&.     misled. 
semi  un.     Calcine,   to  reduce  to  a  powder  by  heat. 

Calcine-ed-ation.     semiAed.     wnAed. 
mis  un.     Derive,   to  draw,  or  receive,  as  from  a  source. 

Derive-ed-ation-ative-able.     t/nAed.     mw4. 
in  re.     Flexile,    easily  bent ;  pliant.     Flecto,  to  bend. 

Flex-ile-ible-ibility.     reAity-ible.     inAible-ibility. 
in  un.     Fertile,   fruitful ;  rich  ;  inventive. 

Fertile-ity-ize-izing-ization.     un  A.-ness.     inA.-ity. 
un  mis.     Improve,    to  make  better  in  any  sense. 

Improve-ed-ment-able-ability.     tmAed.     *msA.-ment. 
un  mis.     Manage,  to  conduct ;  to  carry  on  ;  to  direct. 

Manage-ed-able-ably-ableness-mcnt.     mwA.-ment. 
non  un.     Observe,   to  notice  with  attention. 

Observe-ed-ation-able-ance-atory.     t/nAed.     non4ance 
im  un.     Perceive,   to  observe  ;  to  understand. 

Perceive-ed-ing-able-ably.     t/n4ed-able-ably . 

Percep-Tion-tive-tible-tibly.     tmAtible-tibly. 
self  un.     Preserve,   to  save  ;  to  keep  safe  from  injury. 

Preserve-er-ation-ative-able.     unAed.     station. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  121 

re  un.     Compensate,   to  make  amends;  to  give  an  equiva 
lent ;  to  remunerate.     Compenso. 

Compensate-ed-ing-ion-ory.     tmAed.     reA.-ed. 
re  un.     Celebrate,   to  praise,  or  make  famous. 

Celebrate-ed-ing-ion.     unjed.     reA.-ed-atiun. 
all  un.     Devastate,   to  lay  waste  ;  to  ravage,  or  destroy. 

Devastate-ed-ing-ion.     unAed.     a//Aing 
self  un.     Educate,   to  instruct ;  to  bring  up,  as  children. 

Educate-ed-or-ion-ional-ionist.     unjed.     selfAed. 
in  un.     Expiate,   to  atone  for  ;  to  make  reparation. 

Expiate-ed-ion-ory.    unAed.    inAble.     Rides  8th  and  9th 
sub  contra.     Indicate,   to  point  out,  or  show. 

Indicate-ed-ion-ive.     contrajon.     Indico,  to  show, 
un  in.     Imitate,   to  copy  after  ;  to  counterfeit. 

Imitate-ed-or-ion-ble-ive.     tnAble-bly.     u/iAed. 
im  un.     Mitigate,   to  alleviate  ;  to  abate.     Mitis,  mild. 

Mitigate-ed-ing-ion.     unAed.     tmAble. 
un  in.     Separate,   to  divide,  or  part ;  disunion. 

Separate-ed-ion-ble-bility.     tViAble-b!y.     unAed. 
in  un.     Articulate,   to  utter  words  distinctly. 

Articulate -ed-ion-ly.     unAed.     inA.-ly-ion. 
re  un.     Accelerate,   to  quicken,  as  motion  ;  to  hasten. 

Accelerate-ed-ing-ive-ion-ory.     u/iAed. 
ir  un.     Conciliate,   to  reconcile  ;  to  gain  the  affections. 

Conciliate-ed-ing-ion-or-ory.     unAed. 

-Reconcile-ed-ing-iation-able.     trAable. 
re  un.     Interrogate,   to  question.     Rogo,  to  ask. 

Interrogate-ed-ing-ion-ive-ively-ory.     unAed.     reh. 
mis  un.     Translate,   to  interpret ;  to  transfer. 

Translate -ed-ing-ion.     t/nAed.     mwA.-ed. 
un  in.     Terminate,   to  put  an  end  to  ;  to  close  ;  to  limit 

Terminate-ed-ing-ion.     tnAble-bleness-bly.     t/nAmg 

11 


122  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

jn  in.     Access,   a  coming  to  ;  a  near  approach. 

Access-ion-ible-ibly-ibility.  tnAible-ibility.  vnjbly. 
un.  Amiable,  lovely.  Ami-Able-ably-ability.  unAMe. 
in.     Applicable,   that  may  be  applied  ;  suitable  ;  fit. 

Applica-Ble-bly-bility.     f'nAble-bility. 
in.     Capable,   having  sufficient  capacity  for. 

Capacitate,   to  make  capable  of.     Capio,  to  take. 

Cap-Able-ability-acitate-acious-acity. 

/;iAable-ability-acitate-acitated. 
un.     Determine,   to  decide.   Determine-ed-ing-ation.  t//i4ed 
un.     Demonstrate,   to  prove  beyond  a  doubt. 

Demonstrate-ed-or-ion-ble-bly .     unAed-ble . 
in.     Eligible,   fit,  or  worthy  to  be  chosen.    Eligo,  to  choose 

Elig-ible-ibly-ibility.     iwAible-ibility. 
un.     Hesitate,   to  be  in  doubt.  Hesitate-ed-ing-ion.  unjngly 
un.     Illuminate,   to  enlighten.     Illuminate-ed-ing-ion. 

Negotiate,   to  transact  business.     Negotiate-ion-ble-or. 

Precarious,   uncertain.     Precarious-ly-ness. 
un  im.     Propitiate,   to  conciliate  ;  to  render  favorable. 

/^propitious,   unfavorable.     Propilio,  to  appease. 

Propiti-Ate-ated-ating-ation-ator-atory-ous-ously. 

7/7iAous-ously.     t//i  Aous-ou8ly-ousness. 
in.     Subordinate,    inferior  in  order,  rank,  or  degree. 

Subordinate-ly-ion.  tnA.-ly-ation.  Ordo, order;  sub, under 
in.     Salubrious,    favorable  to  health.     Salus,  safety. 

Salubri-ous-ously-ousness-ty.     t/?Aous-ty. 
in.     Vincible,   that  may  be  overcome.      Vinco,  to  conquer 

Vinci-Ble-bly-bility-bleness.     t/iAble-bly-bility-bleness. 
in.     Violate,   to  break,  as  a  law.    Violate-ed-ion-or.    tnAble 
un  re.     Capture,   to  take,  or  to  seize,  as  a  prisoner. 

Capt-ure-ured-uring-or.     reAure-ured.     wnAured. 
over  mis.  Rule,    to  govern.   Rule-ed-er-ing.   mish.   overbed 


ENGL  18  H     LANGUAGE.  lj.; 

SECTION  XXXV. 

DEFINING    BY    THE    USE    OF    THREE    PREFIXES. 

"m  re  un.     Bound,   to  limit ;  to  leap  ;  a  limit. 

Bound-ed-ary-less.     tznAed.     reA.     imA. 

BeunuW,   did  bound,  or  limit ;  confined. 

Boundary,   that  which  bounds  ;  a  limit. 

Bound/ess,   without  bounds. ;  unlimited. 

Unbounded,   was  not  bounded,  or  limited. 

icebound,   to  bound  back,  or  to  bound  again. 

imbound,   to  bound  in,  or  to  inclose  in  limits, 
an  ab  in.     Err,   to  go  astray ;  to  do  wrong. 

A  Serration,    a  wandering  from  the  right  way. 

Err-ed-ing-atic-atical-able-ableness. 

Ablation.     tnAable.     wnAing-ingly-able. 
arch  co  un.     Found,   to  lay  the  basis  ;  to  begin. 

Found-ed-er-ation-ationless.     unAed.     coAer.     archAer. 
un  dis.     Grace,   favor  ;  good  will ;  to  adorn. 

Grace-ful-fully-less-ious.     aVs/ul-fully.     w»Aious-ious!y. 
dis  re  un.     Joint,   the  joining  of  things,  or  place  of  joining. 

Joint-ed-edly-less.     tinA.-ed.     reA.     disAed. 
en  un  dis.     Robe,  or  .Enrobe,   to  put  on  a  robe.     disA.-ed. 
un  de  an.     Note,   to  notice  ;  to  mark  ;  a  short  letter. 

Annotation,    a  remark  ;  a  note,  or  commentary. 

Denote,   to  mark  out ;  to  signify ;  to  indicate. 

Note-ed-ation.     anAation.     </*A.-ed.     wnAed. 
ran  dis  mis.     Place,   to  set,  or  put  in  some  place. 

P!ace-ed-ing.     mi>A.-ed.     disA.-ed.     unAed. 
dis  un  self.     Praise,   to  commend  ;  to  applaud. 

Praise-ed-worthy.     selfA.     «nAed.     disA. 
un  im  dis.     Plume,    a  feather ;  token  of  honor. 

Plume-less-let.     disA.-ed.     t/ftAous.     t/wA.-ed. 


124  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

fore  un  m*s.     Advise,   to  give  counsel  to.     Video,  to  see. 

Advise-ed-er-ing-able-ory.     #nwA.-ed.     twAed. 
un  ab  in.     Alien,   a  foreigner.     Alienus,  foreign. 

Alienate,   to  transfer  title,  or  right  to  another. 
Alien-ate-ated-ation-able.     finable.     a&Aate-ation. 
un  mis  dis.     Belief,   persuasion  of  truth ;  assent  of  the  mind 

Believe,   to  give  credit  to.     Believe-ed-er-ing. 

Dis^.-ed-mg.     missing.     t/nA.-ing-er. 
un  unas  as.     Certain,   sure  ;  undoubted.     Certus,  sure. 

Certain-ly-ty.     -Ascertain,   to  make  sure  by  trial. 

.Ascertain-ed-ing-able-ment.     unasAed.     unA.-ty. 
un  in  re.     Combine,   to  unite  ;  to  link  together. 

Combine-ed-ation.     reA.-ation.     inAable.     unAed. 
un  dis  re.     Commend,   to  praise  ;  to  applaud  ;  to  extol. 

Commend-ed-ing-ation-atory.     reA.     di.\\.     unAed. 
un  all  in.     Consume,   to  destroy  ;  to  waste  away. 

Consume-ed-er-ing.     inAable-ably.    a//Aing.     unAed. 
un  mis  in.     Correct,   right,  or  to  make  right. 

Correct-ed-ing-ion-ive-or.     Rectus,  right. 

Correct-ly-ness.     inA.-ly.     fm\yAed-ion.     i/wAed. 
in  un  re.     Consider,   to  think  ;  to  fix  the  mind  on. 

Consider-ed-ing-ation.     reA.-ed-ation.     u?iAed. 

Considerate,    thoughtful.     inA.-ly-ion-ness. 
un  anti  pre.     Constitute,    to  fix  ;  to  establish,  or  make. 

Constitute-ed-ion-ional.     preAed.     <m/iAional.     u/iAional 
fore  un  pre.     Design,   to  plan  ;  to  intend  ;  a  scheme. 

Design-ed-er-ing-ation.     preAed.     unAed-ing. 
in  un  self.     Destroy,   to  demolish,  or  lay  waste  ;  to  ruin. 

Destroy-ed-er-ing.    selfAer.    unAed.    See  Ex.  2d,  Rule  3d. 

Destruct-ion-ive-ively-ible.     selfjon.     inAible.  [&c 

reim  im  re.     Print,   to  impress  letters  or  figures  on  paper, 

Print-ed-ing-er.     reA.-ed.     imA.-ed.      reimA.-ed. 


ENGLISH     LA  NtfUAG  I.  125 

Jis  un  in.     Console,   to  comfort ;  to  alleviate  grief. 

Console-ed-ing-able-ation-atory-er. 

7wAable-ably.     i/nAed-ing.     rfi^ate-ateness-ation. 
in  sub  un.     Divide,   to  separate  ;  to  make  partition  of. 

Divide-ed-edly-ing-er.     tzr?Aed-edly.     sw£A.-ed. 

Divis-ion-ible-ibility.     i«Aible-ibility.     subjon. 
all  im  pre.     Mature,    to  ripen  ;  to  perfect ;  ripe. 

Mature-ed-ing-ity-ness-ly.     preAAy.     imAity. 
un  re  under.     Purchase,   to  buy,  as  property. 

Purchase-ed-ing-er.     underAer.     reA.-ed.     utiAed. 
in  unob  ob.     Noxious  ;  hurtful ;  pernicious  ;  destructive 

Obnoxious,   liable  ;  exposed  ;  offensive  to. 

Noxious-ly-ness.     obAAy.     unobA.    inAAy. 
in  over  un.     Offend,   to  displease.     Offense,  displeasure 

Offend-ed-ing-er.     «nAed-ing.     overAe&. 

Offense-ive-ively-iveness.     inAive-ively. 
pre  re  un.     Obtain,   to  get,  or  gain  ;  to  succeed  in. 

Obtain-ed-ing-able.     tmAed-able.     r«A.-ed-ing  able, 
un  mis  dis.     Profess,  to  make  open  declaration  of ;  to  av;  \* 

Profess-ed-edly-ion-ional-ionally.     disA.     misA.     u/iAed. 
ir  un  after.     Repent,   to  feel  sorrow  for  what  was  wrong , 
to  change  the  mind.     Poena,  pain. 

Repent-ed-ing-ance.     after Aance.     wwAing-ingly. 
un  out  mis.     Reckon,   to  count ;  compute,  or  estimate. 

Reckon-ed-ing.     misA.-e&.     outA.-ed.     t/nAed. 
co  out  un.     Rival,   to  strive  for  an  object  in  opposition  to 
some  other  person  ;  a  competitor.    Rivalis. 

Rival-ed-ing-ry.     unAed.     outA.     coA.-ry. 
un  re  all.     Search,   to  seek  for  ;  to  explore  ;  inquiry. 

Search-ed-ing-ingly.     cr//Aing.     reA.     «/iAable. 
in  un  en.     Tangle,  or  isntangle,  to  twist  together  ;  to  puzzle 

Tangle-  ed-ing.     enA.-ed-er-ment.     unAed. 


126  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

an  non  in.     Attend,   to  wait  on  ;  to  go  with  ;  to  listen  to. 

Attend-ed-ing-ance.     n  enhance. 

Attent-ive-ively-ion.     iwAive-ively-ion. 
ex  un  dis.     Author,   the  writer  of;  the  first  mover  of. 

Authorize,   to  give  power  to  ;  to  empower. 

Author-ess-ship-ize-ized.     disjzcd.     unAized. 
re  un  all.     Conquer,   to  subdue,  or  to  gain  by  force. 

Conquer-ed-ing-or-able.     alljng.     wnAed-able.     rcA.-ed 
mis  self  pre.     Conceit,   to  imagine  ;  a  notion,  or  fancy 

Conceive,   to  form  an  idea  in  the  mind.    preA.-ed. 

Conceit-ed-edly-ful-iess.  selfA.-ed.     mtsA. 
re  un  pre.     Consult,   to  seek  the  opinion  of  others. 

Consult-ed-ing-ation.     predion.     unAed. 
re  un  in.     Digest,   to  concoct  food  ;  to  arrange. 

Digest-ed-ible-ion-ive.     inAible-ion.     unAed. 
mis  dis  self.     Esteem,   to  prize  ;  to  set  value  on. 

Esteem-ed-ing.     selfA.     disA.-ed.     misA. 
mis  self  un.     Govern,   to  direct  and  control  by  authority. 

Govern-ed-ing-or-ment.     ^//^ed-ing-ment.     misx.-ed. 
un  re  in.     Gather,   to  collect ;  to  bring  together. 

Gather-ed-ing.     inAmg.     reA.-ed.     unAed. 
un  self  in.     Glory,   brightness  ;  luster ;  splendor. 

Glorify,   to  make  glorious,  or  give  glory  to. 

Glory-ous-ously.     tnAous-ously.     self Aous. 

Glori-Fy-fied-fying-fication.     See  Rule  11th. 
un  super  in.     Human,   having  the  qualities  of  men. 

Humane,   kind  ;  compassionate  ;  tender. 

Human-ize-ity.     inA.-ity-ly.     super  A. 
un  mis  pre.     Instruct,   to  teach  ;  to  educate,  or  inform. 

Instruct-ed-ion-or-ress-ive.     preAed.     misA.-ed.     vnAed 
de  anti  im.     Moral,   relating  to  good  conduct. 

Moral-ly-ity-i8t-ize.     imA   ity     antijut.     i/e-ize. 


ENGLISH      LANG  U  VOL     '  )27 

un  in  mis.     Appropriate,   to  set  apart ;  suitable. 

Appropriate-ed-ing-ion.     im  jAion.     tnA.     unjed. 
in  mis  un.     Calculate,   to  compute  ;  to  reck 

Calculate-ed-ing-ion-ble.     t/nAed. 

3fi>A.-ed-ion.     tnAble-bly.     See  Rule  9th. 
re  in  un.     Deliberate,   to  ponder  ;  to  consider. 

Deliberate-ed-ion-ive-ly-ness.     tmAed.     tnAly. 
un  e.     Radicate,    to  root,  or  plant.     .Eradicate,  to  uproot 

jEradicate-ed-ing-ion-ble .     t/nAed-ble . 
unpre  pre.     Meditate,   to  contemplate  ;  to  muse. 

Meditate-ed-ion-ing-ive.     />r*A.-ed-ing-ion.     unpreAed. 
im.     Moderate,   to  restrain  from  excess  ;  not  violent. 

Moderate-cd-ing-ly-ion-or.     t;nA.-ly-ness-ion. 
e  un.     Narrate,   to  tell ;  to  rehearse,  or  relate. 

Narrate-ed-ing-ion-ive.     Narro,  to  narrate, 
circum  un.     Navigate,   to  sail  on  water  in  ship?. 

Navigate-or-ion-ble.     tznAed-ble.     circt*mA.-ion. 
all  im  un.     Penetrate,   to  pierce  ;  to  enter. 

Penetrate-ed-ion-ble.    unAed.     imAble-bly-bility.    <z//Aing. 
un  im.     Perforate,   to  bore,  or  pierce  through. 

Perforate-ed-ing-ion-ive-or.     tmA.-able.     t/nAed. 
une  ir  e.     Radiate,  .Eradiate,  or  /rradiate,   to  issue  in  rays 
of  light.     Radius,  a  ray,  or  spoke. 

Radiate-ed-ing-ion.     cAate-ion.     trAate-ion. 
an  super  over.     Saturate,   to  supply,  or  fill  to  fullness. 

Saturate-ed-mg-ion.     ot>erAate.     super  jon.     unAed. 
in  un.     Stimulate,   to  excite  to  action.     Slimulo,  to  goad 

Stimulate-ed-ing-ive-or-ion.     tinAed-ing. 
un  re.     Vindicate,    to  defend  ;  to  justify ;  to  avenge. 

Vindicate-ed-ing-ion.     r*A.-ed-ing.     wnAed. 
un.     Stipulate,   to  make  an  agreement ;  to  bargain 

Stipulate-ed-ing-or-ion.     wn4ed. 


ISg  ANALYSIS     OF     THI 

SECTION  XXXVI. 

SPECIAL    DIRECTIONS    FOR    COMBINING    DERIVATIVES. 

When  the  prefixes  are  separated  from  the  word,  and  from  each  other 
by  a  hyphen^  each  prefix,  one  bj  one,  is  to  combine  with  the  word,  ai 
it  takes  its  several  suffixes,  onward  to  the  period  following.  If  two  or 
more  words  follow  each  other,  separated  by  a  comma,  the  several  pre- 
fixes unite  with  each  of  those  words.  If  the  word  is  repeated  after- 
ward, with  prefixes  and  suffixes,  or  either,  unless  otherwise  shown  *  y 
the  caret,  it  will  combine  as  in  the  following — 

EXAMPLES. 

Component  parts. 

5  4        3         2  1  6 

1.  be-in-over-un-Cloud-ed.     Cloud-y-less. 

Combined  thus : 

1.  Cloud,  Clouded.  4.  Incloud,  Inclouded. 

2.  Uncloud,  Unclouded.         5.  Becloud,  Beclouded. 

3.  Overcloud,  Overclouded.  6.  Cloud,  Cloudy,  Cloudless. 

Component  parts. 

6  5         4         3      2  1 

2.  im-irre-unre-re-un-Movable,  Movably. 

Combined  thus : 

1.  Movable,  Movably.  4.  Unremovable,  Unremovabl) 

2.  Unmovable,  Unmovably.   5.  Irremovably,  Irremovably. 

3.  Removable,  Removably.    6.  Immovable,  Immovably. 

EXERCISE. 

Cloud,   to  obscure  by  mist ;  to  darken  ;  to  make  gloomy. 

be-in-over-un-Cloud-ed.     Cloud-y-less-iness. 
Date,   to  note,  or  fix  the  time  of  an  event,  or  writing. 

ante-post-mis-re-Date-ed.     Date-less.     tz/iAed. 
Count,   to  number ;  to  reckon  ;  to  ascribe,  or  impute. 

mis-over-re-Count-ed.     Count-less,     tinned. 


ENGLISH      LANGUAGE.  Iff 

Close,   to  shut ;  to  make  fast ;  to  finish  ;  to  unite. 

dis-en-fore-in-re-un-Close-ed.     Close-ing. 
Chord,   a  right  line,  being  the  arc  of  a  circle  ;  a  string  of  a 
musical  instrument ;  to  string. 

deca-hexa-mono-poly-tetra-Chord.     Chord-ed-ing. 
Centric,   pertaining  to  the  center ;  in  a  central  position. 

Concentric,   tending  to  the  center. 

con-ec-geo-helio-sub-Centric.     Centric-ally. 
Change,   to  alter  in  any  manner;   to  give  one  thing  foi 
another  ;  any  variation,  or  alteration. 

inter-re-reex-ex-Change-ed.     a//Aing.     tmAed. 
Charge,   to  load,  as  a  gun  ;  to  assault,  or  attack  ;  expense, 

Surcharge,   to  overload,  or  to  overcharge. 

dis-mis-over-sur-Charge-ed.     unjed. 
Knowledge,   a  clear  perception  of  truth,  or  of  any  fact; 
acquaintance  with  ;  learning.     Nosco,  to  know. 

.Acknowledge,   to  admit  to  be  true  ;  to  own. 

disac-ac-fore-self-Knowledge.     unacAed. 
Motion,   a  moving ;  a  change  of  local  position.     Motus. 

Zocomotion,   the  act  of  moving  from  place  to  place. 

.Emotion,   a  moving  of  the  mind  ;  excitement. 

com-counter-e-loco-Motion.     Motion-less. 

im-irre-unre-re-un-Movable,  or  Movably.       [the  world. 
Mundane,   belonging,  or  pertaining  to  the  world.     Mundus% 

ante-infra-inter-super-supra-Mundane .  [fected 

Natural,   pertaining  to  nature ;  produced  by  nature  ;  unaf 

Connatural,    connected  by  nature  ;  united  in  nature. 

con-counter-preter-un-Natural.     Natural-ly-ize. 
Ruption,   a  breach  ;  a  break,  or  bursting  open. 

inter-pro-ab-dis-e-Ruption.     Rupture-ed. 
Syllable,   letters  uttered  at  a  single  impulse  of  the  voice. 

dis-mono-octo-poly-tri-Sy  liable 


130  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

* 

Dense,   compact.     Dense-ly-ity-ness. 

Condense,   to  make  more  dense  or  compact. 

re-Condense-ed-ation.     i/nAed.     tnAable -ability 
Graft,    to  insert,  or  join  on,  as  a  cion,  or  shoot. 

in-re-Graft-ed-ing.     t*nAed.     misA.-ed. 
Grade,    a  degree  ;  a  rank,  or  order ;  to  level  a  road. 

de-retro-Grade-ation.     t//iAed.     unde^ed. 
Line,   length  without  breadth,  or  thickness. 

Delineate,   to  mark  out,  as  with  lines. 

inter-Line-ation.*     ZMineate-ed-ing-ion. 
Love,   to  be  pleased  with  ;  affection  ;  good  will. 

Love-ly-liness-ing.     wnAly-liness.     beAed. 
Mount,   to  rise  aloft ;  to  leap  upon  ;  a  mountain. 

Swrmount,   to  rise  above.     Demount,   to  get  off. 

dis-sur-Mount-ed-ing.     insi/rAable.     unsurAe&. 
Mode,   method  ;  form  ;  manner  of  existing. 

Modify,   to  alter  ;  to  vary  the  form. 

Mode-ify-ifying-ifier-ifi  ed-ification.  t     i/nAified. 
Plot,   to  form  a  scheme  of  mischief;  to  contrive. 

com-Plot-ted-ting.J     counter-under-Plot. 
Poise,   to  weigh,  or  balance  ;  a  weight. 

counter-equi-over-Poise.     Poise-ed-ing. 
Sure,    certain  ;  firm.     -Assure,   to  make  certain. 

7/isure,   to  make  sure,  or  secure. 

reas-as-rein-in-Sure.     uninAe&.     unasAed. 
Taught,   instructed  in  the  arts,  or  sciences. 

mis-self-un-Taught.     Teach-able-ing-er. 
Veil,   to  cover,  or  hide  ;  a  covering. 

over-Veil-ed-ing.     wnAed. 
Vital,   necessary  to  life  ;  essential.     Vital-izc-ity. 
Vigilant,   watchful.     Vigil-Ant-antly-ance. 
*  K%  final,  is  retained  in  lincation.     f  See  Rule  1  Hit      J  See  Rul.-  r.th 


ENGLISH     LA. NO  U  A  OB.  ];] 

Ambulate,    to  walk  from  place  to  place,     kmbulo. 

circum-noct-pre-per-Ambulate-ion. 
Appoint,   to  fix,  or  settle  ;  to  allot ;  to  ordain. 

.Disappoint,    to  defeat  what  was  expected. 

dis-fore-re-Appoint-ment.     t/nAed. 
Account,   to  render  an  account  of;  to  give  reasons  for. 

Account-ed-ing-able-ableness-ably-ability-ant. 

Z7/iAed-able-ableness-ably-ability. 
Generate,   to  propagate  ;  to  cause  to  bring  into  life. 

Regenerate,   to  renew.     Degenerate,   to  grow  worse 

de-re-Generate-ed-ion.     unreAed.     widened. 
Minister,   to  afford  supplies  ;  to  perform  service  in  office. 

-Administer,   to  help,  or  give  aid  to. 

mal-pre-ad-Ministration.     unadAe&. 
Mutable,    subject  to  change.     Muto>  to  change. 

Transmute,   to  change  the  nature  or  substance  of 

Commute,   to  exchange  one  thing  for  another. 

com-im-trans-Mut-Able-ability.     Mutable-ness. 
Ordain,   to  appoint,  or  decree  ;  to  establish. 

fore-pre-re-Ordain,  or  Ordination,     miration. 
Pendent,   hanging,  or  jutting  over.     Pendeo,  to  hang. 

-Append,   to  hang  to.     -Append-ed-ant-age. 

impend,   to  hang  over.     Zmpend-ing-ent-ency. 

Depend,   to  hang  down  from,  for  support. 

Depend-ent-ently-ence-ency.     twaVAent-ently. 
Cumbent,  or  Decumbent,   lying  down  ;  bending  down. 

incumbent,   reclining,  or  leaning  back. 

Procumbent,   leaning  forward  ;  prostrate  ;  trailing. 

incumbent,   leaning  or  lying  on  ;  a  person  in  office. 

de-pro-re-superin-in-Cumbent.     imjj.     rejy. 
Success,    favorable,  or  prosperous  ;  result  of  any  purpose 

Success-ful  -fully-fulness-less,     t/n/ul-fully. 


M  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

Angular,   having  an  angle,  or  angles.     Angulus 

mult-oct-tri-un-  Angular.     Angular-ly. 
Enforce,   to  give  force  to  ;  to  put  in  execution. 

re-Enforce-ed-ing-ment.     t/wAed. 
Establish,   to  fix  firmly  ;  to  confirm  ;  to  appoint. 

pre-re-Establish-ed-ing-ment.     comment. 
Examine    to  inspect  carefully  ;  to  scrutinize. 

pre-re-Examine-ed-ing-ation.     sedation.     t/wAed. 
Locution,   a  discourse  ;  manner  of  speaking. 

circum-inter-e-Locution.     Loquor,  to  speak. 
Probation,   foretrial ;  the  act  of  proving.     Probo. 

Approbation,    expressing  satisfaction  ;  commendation 

Probation-er-ary.     disapprobation . 
Remember,   to  call  back  an  idea  to  mind  ;  to  attend  to. 

mis-Remember-ed.     disA.     unAed. 
Respond,   to  answer  to.     Response,    an  answer. 

Correspond,   to  agree  with ;  to  hold  intercourse  with, 

cor-Respond-ed-ing-ent-ence-ency. 

Response-ible-ibly-ibility-ibleness-ive-ively. 
Secure,   free  from  danger ;  to  make  safe. 

in-Secure-ly-ity.     Secure-ed-ing.     t/nAed. 
Structure,    a  building  of  any  kind.     Struo,  to  build. 

Construct,   to  build,  or  fabricate  ;  to  compose. 

Construct-ed-ion-ive.     sub-super-Structure. 
Vision,   sight;  something  imagined.      Video,  to  see. 

re-super-Vision.     Visible,   that  may  be  seen 

in-Vis-ible-ibly-ibility-ibleness. 
Vex,   to  irritate  by  little  provocations  ;  to  fret. 

Vex-ed-er-ing-ation-atious-atiously .     t//iAed 
Warn,   to  caution  of  approaching  danger. 

lbre-Warn-ed-ing.     unAed.     vnforeAe&. 
Waste,   to  squarder.     Waste-ful-fully-fulnesi. 


ENGLISH      LANGUAGE. 

SECTION  XXXVII. 

INSEPARABLE     PREFIXES. 

When  a  part  of  the  word  from  which  derivative!  are  to  #e  formed, 
is  an  inseparable  prefix,  and  is  cut  off  by  a  comma,  thus,  Exportation, 
that  part  preceding  the  comma,  must  be  dropped  before  any  othei 
prefix  can  be  added ;  as  in  the  following  example : 

e-de-pro.  Rejected.  First  drop  re,  and 

join  pro,  and  it  forms  Projected.  Now  drop  pro,  and 

join  de,  and  it  becomes  Dejected.  Then  drop  de,  and 

join  e,  and  it  forms  Ejected. 

Each  prefix  modifies  the  signification  of  the  root  so  as  to  accord  frith 
its  peculiar  import ;  thus, 

Rejected,   implies  thrown  back,  or  cast  off. 
Projected,   implies  thrown,  or  cast  forward. 
Dejected,   implies  cast  down,  or  down  cast. 
Ejected,   implies  cast  out,  or  thrown  out. 

Note. — The  pupil  may  now  read  each  of  the  following  words  with 
its  definition,  then  join  the  several  prefixes,  and  define  the  word  in 
Buch  connection.  The  derivative  formations  by  suffixes,  may  be  omitted 

re  de  ex.  Contract,   to  draw  together. 

pro  re  ex.  Im,pel,   to  force,  or  urge  on. 

cent  sept.  Bi,ennial,   once  in  two  years. 

de  e  con.  In,volve,   to  roll  in,  or  envelop. 

contro  di.  Con, vert,   to  turn  with  ;  to  change. 

circum  retro.  Inspection,    a  looking  into. 

abs  con  re.  Sus,tain,   to  hold  up  ;  to  bear  up. 

trans  con  e.  Di,gress,   to  go  aside  ;  to  depart  from. 

aristo  theo.  Democracy,   government  by  the  people. 

as  discon  con.  Dis,sent,   to  disagree  in  opinion. 

reex  ex  reim.  Im,port,   to  bring  in  from  abroad,  as  goods. 

ex  pr3  re.  Pro,ceed,   to  go  forward  ;  to  advance 


134  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 


SECTION  XXXVIII. 

PRIMITIVE    WORDS    HAVING    AN    INSEPARABLE    PREFIX. 

This  page  and  the  next  six,  may  be  frequently  taken  up  as  a  suit 
able  exercise  to  test  the  ability  of  pupils,  in  giving  the  appropriate 
lignification  of  the  several  roots,  as  differently  modified  by  prefixes. 
Let  the  pupil  commence  the  combinations  with  the  prefix  immediately 
preceding  the  word,  and  take  each  one  in  retrograde  order,  according 
to  the  following — 

EXAMPLE. 
Component  parts. 
98765432  1 

at-con-de-dis-ex-pro-re-sub-Abs,tract-ed-ing-ion. 
Combined  thus: 

1.  Abstract,     Abstracted,     Abstracting,  Abstraction. 

2.  Subtract,     Subtracted,     Subtracting,  Subtraction. 

3.  Re,tract,      Re,tracted,      Re,tracting,  Re,traction. 

4.  Pro,tract,     Pro,tracted,     Protracting,  Protraction. 

5.  Ex-.       6.  Dis-.       7.  De-.       8.  Con-.       9.  At-. 


EXERCISE. 

Abstract,   to  draw  from  ;  to  take  from  ;  a  summary.   Traha 

to  draw,  or  take  ;  abs,  from. 

Dis,tract,   to  draw  apart,  or  to  derange  the  mind. 

at-con-de-dis-ex-pro-re-sub-Abs,tract-ed-ing-ion. 

Ad,duce,   to  lead  or  conduct  to ;  to  bring  forward  ;  to  offer 

or  present.     Duco,  to  lead  or  draw  ;  ad,  to. 

Con,duce,   to  lead  or  tend  to  some  end  or  object 

ab-con-de-pro-re-e-se-sub-  )    A  _  _  .  M  _ 

.     .  >  Ad,duce,  or  Adduction 

mtro-repro-superin-in-         ) 

de-in-recon-miscon-con-sub-Ab,duct-ed. 

be-mis-re-par-over-under-Take-ing. 


ENGLISH      LANOUAGfc  136 

Af,fect,    to  act  upon;  to  produce  a  change.     Facto, \j  make 
Ef,fect,   to  accomplish.     In,fect,   to  pollute,  or  poison 
Defective,    faulty;  imperfect;  blamable. 
disin-in-imper-per-ef-disaf-Af,fect-ed-ion. 
unper-unef-unin-rein-misaf-unaf-Af,fected. 
inef-unde-inde-De,fective.     De,fective-ly-ness. 

Bi,ennial,   taking  place  once  in  two  years.     Annus,  a  year 
cent-dec-oct-per-tri-sex-Bi,ennial.     Bi,ennial-ly. 

At,tain,   to  gain  ;  to  arrive  at.     Teneo,  to  hold. 

Per,tain,   to  belong.     Appertain,  to  belong  to. 

Sus,tain,   to  hold  up.     De,tain,  to  hold  from. 

Ob,tain,   to  acquire.     Con,tain,  to  hold,  as  a  vessel. 

abs-apper-per-con-de-8us-ob-re-At,tain-ed-ing. 

con-unre-re-unsus-sus-unob-ob-unat- Attainable. 
Di,vert,   to  turn  off  from  ;  to  turn  aside  ;  to  amuse.    Verto,  tc 
turn ;  di9  from,  or  aside  from. 

Con,vert,   to  turn  with,  or  change.    A,vert,  to  turn  away 

Per,vert,   to  turn  by,  or  from  what  is  right. 

a-ad-con-contro-in-intro-per-re-sub-Di,vert-ed. 

a-recon-con-in-per-retro-re-sub-trans-Di,ver8ion. 

uncontro-unsub-una-unper-uncon-undi-Di,verted. 

Af,tirm,   to  assert  positively.     Con,firm,  to  ratify. 

recon-con-reaf-misaf-Af,firm-ed-ation. 
Migrate,   to  remove  from  one  country  or  place  to  another 

e-com-re-im-inter-trans-Migrate-ion. 
Throne,    a  royal  seat.     En,throne,  to  put  on  a  throne. 

un-de-disen-reen-en-Throne-ed.     De,throne-ment. 
Create,   to  produce  something  from  nothing. 

Recreate,   to  create  anew ;  to  form  anew. 

Recreate,   to  refresh  after  toil ;  to  amuse. 

re-Create-ed-ing-ion.     tmAed.     misjve. 


196  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

Ad.mit,   to  give  leave  to  enter ;  to  allow  ;  to  grant. 

Mitto,   to  send,  or  let  go.     Missus,  sent. 

Com,mit,   to  give  in  trust.     E,mit,   to  send  forth. 

Per,mit,   to  allow.     Inter,mit,  to  cease  for  a  time. 

Re,mit,   to  abate  or  lessen.     Trans,mit,   to  send  off  to 

com-e-inter-o-per-re-manu-  |   .  .     .       _     .  _     .    . 

>  Ad,mit-ted,  Ad,nussion. 
trans-re  corn-read-  ) 

Com,mand,   to  bid,  or  direct.     Mando,  to  bid. 

De,mand,   to  claim.     Re,mand,   to  call  back. 

Countermand,   to  give  a  contrary  order. 

counter-re-rede-de-Com,mand-ed-ing.     Com,mand-er. 
Diction,   a  speaking  ;  expressing  ideas  by  words  ;  style,  01 
manner.     Dico,  to  speak. 

bene-contra-inter-male-pre-vale-Diction. 
De,vious,   going  or  departing  from  the  right   or  common 
way  ;  wandering.     De,  from  ;  via,  the  way. 
.   Per,vious,   passing  through.     Ob,vious,  evident. 

unob-ob-imper-per-pre-De,vious.     Ob,vious-ly. 
Ex,ist,   to  have  actual  existence.     Sisto,  to  stand. 

coex-preex-Ex,ist-ent-ence .     nonex-selfex-Ex,istence 
E,lect,   to  choose  out  of.     Lectus,  chosen  ;  e,  out  of. 

Se,lect,    to  choose  from.     Col,lect,   to  bring  together 

recol-col-pree-ree-se-E,lect-ed-ing-ion. 
Pass,   to  go  by  ;  to  go  from  place  to  place. 

Sur,pass,   to  go  beyond.     Com, pass,   to  go  a  nun  id 

com-over-sur-re-Pass-ed-ing.     imAable . 
Portion,   a  part  or  share.     Proportion,  a  just  share. 

Apportion,   to  assign  a  just  share  to. 

reap-ap-dispro-overpro-mispro-pro-Portion. 
iacent,   lying  at  length.     Jacens,  lying. 

ad-circum-inter-sub-Jaccnt. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  137 

In,spect,   to  look  into.     Specio,  spectum,  to  see. 

Re,spect,   to  look  back  on  with  pleasure. 

Circumspect,   to  look  around  ;  prudent. 

Sus,pect,   to  mistrust ;  a  looking  under. 

circum-intro-retro-rein-superin-In,spect-ion 

in-pro-disre-re-uncircum-Circum,8pect. 
Lateral,   pertaining  to  the  side.     Latus,  a  side. 

bi-col-equi-multi-tri-uni-Lateral. 
Petalous,   having  petals  ;  flower  leaves. 

a-bi-mono-penta-poly-tetra-tri-Petalous. 
Project,   to  cast  forward  ;  to  shoot  forward  ;  to  put  out. 

JaciOj  to  throw  or  cast ;  pro,  forward. 

ab-de-in-inter-ob-sub-e-re-Project-ion. 

unde  -unob-unr  e-unsub-une  -unin-unpro-  Pro  ,j  ec  ted . 
Attenuate,   to  make  thin,  or  less  viscid. 

Ex,tenuate,   to  lessen,  as  the  guilt  of  a  crime. 

ex-At,tenuate-ed-ing-ion.     unatAed. 
Antipodes,   those  whose  feet  are  opposite  to  ours,  on  th« 
opposite  side  of  the  earth.     Pous,  a  foot. 

Abodes.     Poly,pus.    Tri,pod.     Hexa,pod.    Deca,pod. 

Complicate,   to  fold  together ;  to  be  complex  ;  entangled. 

Implicate,   to  infold,  or  involve,  as  in  crime. 

Explicate,   to  unfold,  or  to  explain.     Plico,  to  fold. 

ex-im-tri-condu-redu-du-Com,plicate-ion. 
Confluence,   a  flowing  together  ;  the  junction  of  rivers. 

Fluo,  to  flow  ;  con,  together. 

Affluent,   a  flowing  to,  as  in  wealth  ;  abundant. 

af-re-circum-Con,fluence,  Con,fluent. 
DIs,pel,   to  scatter  by  force.     Pello,  pulsum,  to  drive. 

Com,pel,   to  force,  or  constrain  ;  to  necessitate. 

com-ex-pro-re-Dis,pel,  Dis.pulsion,  Dis.pulsive. 


138  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

De,spond,    to  be  cast  down  ;  to  fail  in  spirits. 

Despond-ing-ingly-ent-ence-ency.  [persons 

Dialogue,   a  conversation ;  a  piece  spoken  by  two  or  more 

Prorogue,   a  piece  spoken  before  a  drama  or  play. 

Epi-logue,   a  piece  spoken  after  a  drama  or  play. 

Deca,logue,   the  ten  commandments. 

deca-epi-mono-pro-Dia,logue.     Loquor,  to  speak. 

Ex,clude,   to  shut  out  from.      Claudo,  to  shut ;  ex,  out  from. 

Conclude,    to  infer  from  ;  to  determine  ;  to  finish. 

Se,clude,   to  separate  from.     Pre,clude,   to  debar. 

con-in-pre-se-Ex,clude,  Exclusion,  Exclusive. 
Ex,tort,    to  wrest  from  by  force.    Torqueo,  to  twist ;  ex,  from 

Dis,tort,   to  twist  out  of  shape.     Con,tort,    to  writhe. 

con-dis-Ex,tort-ed-ion.     unexAe&.     vndisAe&. 
Inscribe,   to  write  in,  or  on.     Scribo,  scriptum,  to  write. 

Prescribe,   to  direct.     Describe,   to  represent. 

As,cribe,  to  impute  to.     Transcribe,   to  copy  out. 

circum-de-pre-sub-a- 

inter-super-tran. 

post-tran-Manu,script.     Nonde,script. 
In,voke,   to  call  upon  ;  to  implore.      Voco,  to  call. 

Re,voke,   to  call  back  ;  to  reverse  ;  to  annul. 

Pro,voke,   to  call  forth,  as  anger  ;  to  offend. 

Con,voke,   to  call  together  ;  to  summon  to  meet. 

con-pro-re-In,voke-ed-ation.     t/n/>roAed-ing. 
Assign,   to  sign  over  to  ;  to  transfer  to  another. 

Consign,   to  give  in  charge  to  another. 

re-recon-precon-As.sign-ed.     As,sign-ment. 

unas-misa8-under-un-Con,signed.     Con,sign-mem 
Con,vene,   to  come  together.     Venio,  to  come. 

contra-inter-super-Con,vene,  Contention. 


>  In,scribe-ed,  Inscription. 


ENGLISH     LANOUAOI.  130 

De,chne,   to  lean  downward  ;  tendency  to  decay ;  to  refuse. 

In-line,   to  lean  toward  any  object ,  to  be  disposed 

Re,chne,   to  lean  back  ;  to  lean  sidewise. 

disin-in-re-De,cline-ed-ing-ation.     undejMe. 
Do, bark,   to  go  from  on  board  a  ship  or  boat. 

Em,bark,   to  go  on  board  a  ship  or  boat. 

reem-disem-em-De,bark-ed-ation. 
Ex,hibit,   to  present  to  view.     Habeo,  to  hold  ;  ex,  out. 

In,hibit,   to  hold  in,  or  restrain  ;  to  hinder. 

Pro,hibit,   to  hold  before,  or  prevent ;  to  forbid 

pro-in-Ex-hibit-ed-ing-ion.     unexAed . 
In,spire,   to  draw  in  the  breath ;  to  infuse  into  the  mind. 

Spiro,   to  breathe ;  in,  in. 

Ex,pire,   to  throw  out  the  breath  from  the  lungs  ;  to  die. 

Re,spire,   to  inhale  air  into  the  lungs  ;  to  breathe. 

ex-re-rein-In,spire-ed-ing-ation.     uninAed. 
Per,spire,   to  sweat ;  to  emit  fluids  of  the  body  through  the 
pores  of  the  skin.     From  spiro  and  per. 

Con,spire,   to  breathe  together  ;  to  unito  in  a  plot. 

As,pire,   to  aim  at,  or  desire.     Trans,pire,   to  happen. 

a-tran-con-Per,spire-ed-ing-ation.     unperAMc. 
Pre, vent,   to  come  before  ;  to  hinder.     Venio,  to  come. 

In,vent,   a  coming  into  the  mind  ;  to  find  out. 

in-Pre,vent-ed-ing-ive-ion.     t*n/>rtfAod-able. 
lm,port,   to  bring  in  from  another  country,  as  goods. 

reex-ex-trans-Im,port-ed-ation.     unearned. 
Ac,claim,   a  shout  of  joy.     Clamo,  to  cry  out 

Ex,claim,   to  cry  out.     Proclaim,   to  utter  openly. 

De,claim,   to  speak  an  oration.     Dis.claira,   to  deny. 

Re,claim,   to  call  back,  as  from  error. 

de-dis-ex-pro-re- Ac, claim,  Acclamation,     vnreAed. 


140  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

Ap,peal,   to  refer  to  the  decision  of  another. 
Re,peal,   to  revoke  ;  to  annul,  or  abrogate. 

re-Ap,peal-ed-er-ing-able.     unreAed.     triable. 
Ac,cident,   falling  to  ;  happening  by  chance. 

Incident,    falling  in  ;  casual.      Cado,  to  fall. 

in-Ac,cident-al-ally.     coinA.     incoinA. 
As,cend,   to  go  up.     De,scend,   to  go  down.     Scando. 

Condescend,   to  stoop  to  one  of  lower  rank. 

conde-de-rea-A,scend-ed-ing.     conde-rea-A,scension 
As,sume,   to  take  upon  one's  self.     Sumo,  to  take. 

Re,sume,   to  take  back.     Pre,sume,    to  suppose. 

pre-re-reas-As,sume-ed-ing,  Assumption. 
Conspicuous,    clearly  seen.     Specio,  to  see. 

Perspicuous,    clear  to  the  understanding. 

imper-per-incon-Con,spicuous-ly.     unconk. 
Demo,c'racy,    a  government  by  the   people. 

Cratos,  power  ;  demos,  the  people. 

auto-aristo-theo-Demo,c/racy ,  Demo,cratic-al . 
De,trude,   to  thrust  down.      Trudo,  to  thrust ;  de,  down. 

Pro,trude,   to  thrust  forth.     Ob,trude,  to  thrust  on. 

ex-in-ob-pro-De,trude-ed-ing,  De,trusion. 
In,here,   to  stick  in  ;  to  be  fixed  in.     Haereo,  to  stick. 

co-ad-In,here-ent-ence-ency.     co-ad-In,hesion. 

inco-co-inad-ad-In,hesive-ly.     unadA. 
Im,pulse,    force  impressed  ;  sudden  effort.     Pello,  to  driv* 

Re,pulse,   to  drive  back.     Ap,pulse,   to  drive  against 

ap-pro-re-retro-Im,pulsion,  Im,pulsive . 
Implicate,   to  blame.     Sup,plicate,   to  implore. 

Explicate,   to  unfold.     Complicate,   to  involve. 

Plico,   to  fold  ;  to  wind,  or  roll  together. 

com-du-ex-sup-Im,plicate-ed-ion.     uncombed. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  141 

SECTION  XXXIX. 

THE    SAME    EXERCISE    CONTINUED. 

Charm,  or  Be, charm,   to  fascinate  ;  secret  influence. 

De,charm,   to  remove  the  charm. 

counter-de-be-Charm-ed-ing.     t//iAed-ing. 
Compact,   closely  united  ;  an  agreement.  • 

Compact-ly-ness.     iwA.-ed.     unAed. 
Criminate,   to  charge  with  crime.     Crimen,  crime 

Re,criminate,   to  charge  back  with  crime. 

re-Criminate-ed-ing-ion.     unAed. 
Engage,   to  promise,  or  to  bind  one's  self. 

dis-pre-re-Engage-ed-ing-ment.     unAed. 
Habitation,    a  residence  ;  place  of  abode. 

Co,habit,   to  live  together.     In,habit,   to  dwell  in. 

Habit-Ation-able.     Co,habit-ed-mg-ation. 

In,habit-ed-ing-able-ant-ancy.     reinjdd.     uninj&d 
Monition,    a  warning.     Moneo,  to  warn. 

pread-ad-pre-Monition,  Monitory. 
Opinion,  judgment  formed  by  the  mind. 

mis-pre-self-Opinion.     Opinor,  to  think. 
Possess,   to  have  just  title  to  hold,  or  occupy. 

dis-pre-re-Possess-ed-ing-ion.     w/?Aed-ing. 
Prison,    a  place  in  which  to  confine  criminals. 

Im,prison,   to  put  in  prison  ;  to  confine. 

re-Im,prison-ed-ing-ment.     unAed.    unimAed. 
Sphere,    an  orb,  or  globe  ;  circuit  of  motion. 

semi-hemi-Sphere-ic-ical.     t/iA.-ed.     t/nA.-od. 
Science,   knowledge.     Scio,  to  know. 

Scientific,   well  versed  in  science. 

pre-omni-Science.     un-Scientific-al-ally. 


142  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

Venture,  or  Ad,venture,   to  risk,  or  hazard. 

ad-Venture-ed-ing-some-ous-ously.     unadjous. 
Abscind,   to  tear  or  rend  off.     Scindo,  to  tear. 

Ex,scind,  and  Inter,scind,   to  cut  off. 

ex-inter-  Ab,scind-ed-ing.     unexAed . 
As,perse,   to  bespatter  with  false  charges  ;  to  slander. 

Intersperse,   to  scatter  among.     Spargo,  to  scatter. 

di-inter-A,sperse-ed-ing-ion.     undiAed. 
Associate,   to  unite  in  company  ;  a  companion. 

Con,sociate,   to  unite  together.     Dissociate,   to  part 

con-dis-disas-As,sociate-ed-ion.     unasAed. 
Bi,sect,   to  cut  into  two  parts.     Secto,  to  cut. 

dis-inter-Bi,sect-ed-ing-ion.     unbred. 
Con, cur,   to  agree  ;  to  run  together.     Curro,  to  run. 

Re,cur,   to  return,  as  thought  to  the  mind. 

re-Con,cur-rent-rence-rency-ring.     See  Rule  6th. 
Con,vulse,   to  shake  ;  to  agitate.      Velio,  to  pull. 

Con,vul8e-ed-ive-ively-ion.     unconAed. 
Com,pose,   to  place  together.     Pono,  to  place. 

Ex,pose,   to  lay  open.     De,pose,   to  put  down. 

de-ex-Com,pose-ed-er-ing-ition-itor.     uncomAed. 
Dis,pose,   to  place,  or  to  put  in  order  ;  to  incline. 

Im,pose,   to  place  on.     Op,pose,   to  stand  against. 

im-op-Di8,pose-ed-er-ing-ition.     indisAed. 
Propose,   to  place  before  ;  to  offer.     Re,pose,  to  lie  at  rest 

Sup,po8e,   to  place  under  consideration  ;  to  imagine. 

re-8up-Pro,po8e-ed-er-ing-al-ition.     unproAed. 
Re,spect,   esteem  ;  due  attention.     Specio,  to  look. 

Re,8pect-ful-fully-able-ability-ably-le88.     di.srvAful-fully 
Sur,vive,   to  outlive.     Re,vive,   to  return  to  life. 

re-Sur,vi\re-ed-ing-al.      Vivo,  to  live. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  143 

Act,   to  put  forth  power  ;  to  demean,  or  behave  ;  any  thing 

done.     Ago,  actum,  to  do,  or  to  set  in  motion. 
En,act,   to  make,  as  laws.     Trans,act,   to  do  business. 

counter-over-reen-en-trans-Act-ed-ing-ion. 

retro-sub- Action.     Inact-ive-ively-iveness-ion. 
Cede,   to  yield  ;  to  give  up.     Cedo,  to  give  place. 

Pro,ceed,   to  move  forward.     Suc,ceed,   to  move  aftei 

Con,cede,   to  admit.     Intercede,   to  mediate. 

Ac,cede,   to  agree  to.     Se,cede,   to  withdraw. 

con-inter-re-ac-se-Cede-ed-ing,  Cession. 
Form,    external  shape  ;  to  shape.     Forma,  form. 

bi-equi-mal-multi-omni-uni-Form. 

Con,form,   to  make  like.     Transform,   to  change. 

re-trans-mal-mis-Con,form-ation.     t/ncowAable. 
Fix,   to  make  stable  ;  to  put  in  order.     Fixum,  fixed. 

At, fix,  to  fix  to.     In,fix,  to  fix  in.     Trans,fix,  to  pierce 

af-in-post-pre-suf-trans-un-FLx-ed.     Fix-edly-edness. 
Join,   to  connect ;  to  combine.     Jungo,  to  join. 

mis-re-recon-con-read-ad-Join-cd-ing.     unAed. 

con-ad-dis-inter-sub-Join,  Junction.     reconA.-ed. 
Efficient,    causing  effects.     Sufficient,   enough. 

De,ficient,   wanting.     Pro,ficient,   progressing. 

de-ef-pro-insuf-selfsuf-Suf,ficient,  Sufficiency. 
Prove,   to  try  any  thing ;  to  experience.     Probo,  to  prove, 

Ap,prove,   to  commend.     Re,prove,   to  rebuke. 

Im,prove,   to  make  better.     Dis,prove,   to  refute. 

disap-ap-dis-im-re-Prove-ed-ing.     fnt>tmA.-ed-ineat* 

unap-unim-unre-un-Proved.     Ap,prove-ingly. 
Solve,   to  explain  ;  to  loosen.     Dissolve,   to  melt. 

Ab,solve,   to  free  from.     Re,solve,   to  detennu 

ab-dis-re-Solve-ed,  Solution.     Solvo, 


144  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

External,   outward;  exterior.     In.tcrnal,   inward;  interior 

E,ternal,   endless ;  immortal.     e-in-Ex,ternal-ly. 
Mix,   to  mingle  together  ;  to  blend.     Misceo,  to  mingle. 

com-inter-Mix-ture.     uninter-un-Mixed. 
In,gress,   a  going  in.    Trans,gress,  to  cross  or  break  a  law. 

Ag,gress,   to  go  against  first ;  to  attack,  or  assail. 

ag-di-e-pro-re-trans-In,gress-ion.     Gressus,  going. 
In,volve,   to  roll  in,  or  to  envelop ;  to  imply,  or  comprise ; 
to  blend,  or  mingle.     Volvo,  to  roll ;  in,  in. 

con-circum-e-de-re-In,volve,  Involution.     disinA.-e&. 
Per,sist,   to  stand  through,  or  to  persevere.     Sto,  to  stand. 

Sub,sist,   to  stand  under,  or  to  support;  to  live. 

^ie,sist,   to  stand  against.     As,sist,   to  stand  to  ;  to  aid. 

sub-Per,sist-ed-ence-ency.    as-Re,sist-ed-ing-ant-ance. 
Perjsuade,   to  prevail   on ;    to    influence   by  argument,   or 
entreaty.     Suadeo,  to  persuade. 

mis-over-Persuade,  Persuasion,     overbed.     unAe&. 
Perspective,   looking  through.    Specio,  to  see  ;  per,  through 

pro-retro-Per,spective-ly.     intro^-ion. 
Supervise,   to  oversee.      Video,  to  see  ;  super,  over. 

Re,vise,   to  review  ;  to  reexamine. 

re-Super-vise-ed-ing-ion.     unreAe&. 
Soli^agant,  wandering  alone.     Vagans,  wandering. 

extra-multi-nocti-Soli,v'agant. 
Sym,pathy,   pity  ;  fellow  feeling ;  compassion. 

Pathos,  feeling ;  sym,  for  sun,  with. 

a-anti-mono-eu-Sym,pathy.     Sym,pathy-ize-izing. 
Sym,phony,   harmony  of  sounds  agreeable  to  the  tjMT, 

eu-Sym,phony-ous-ously.     See  Rule  3d. 
Turn,   to  change  the  course  ;  to  move  round. 

re-Turn-ed-ing.     trre-able.     nwre4ed. 


ENGLISH      LANGUAGE.  145 

An,nounce,   to  publish  ;  to  proclaim ;  to  give  notice. 

Pro,nounce,   to  utter  words.     Denounce,  to  threaten 

de-pro- An,nounce-ed.     de-pro- Annunciation. 
Benevolent,   kind  ;  wishing  well.     Volo,  to  will. 

male-Bene^ol-Ent-ently-ence.     vnAAy. 
Cora,pIacent,   civil ;  softness  of  manners. 

Com,plac-Ent-ently-ency.     Dis,placency,  is  incivility 
De,plore,   to  lament.     Im,plore,   to  entreat. 

im-De,plore-ed-ing-ingly.     De,plore  -able  -ably. 
Dis,till,   to  fall  in  drops  ;  to  extract  by  heat. 

Dis,till-ed-ing-ery-ation.     Ex,till-ed-ation . 
Ex,plode,   to  burst  forth  with  violence  and  noise  ;  to  reject 

Dis,plode,   to  burst  asunder  with  force. 

dis-Ex,plode-ed-ing.     dis-Ex,plos-ion-ive.     unexjtd, 
Ex,pound,   to  explain.     Pro,pound,  to  propose. 

pro-Ex,pound-ed-er-ing.     unexjdd.     unproved. 
En,velop,   to  in  wrap  ;  to  cover.     De,velop,   to  uncover. 

de-En,velop-ed-ing-ment.     undeAcd. 
Ef,face,   to  blot  out,  or  to  impair  an  impression. 

De,face,   to  mar  the  face,  or  surface. 

de-Ef,face-ed-ing-ment.     unefAed.     undeAed. 
Judge,   to  examine  and  decide.     Judex,  a  judge. 

ad-mis-fore-pre-Judge-ed-ing-ment.     unadjdd. 
Prevaricate,   to  quibble  ;  to  evade,  or  pervert. 

Di,varicate,   to  part  into  two  branches  ;  to  open. 

di-Pre,varicate-ed-ing-ion.     Pre,varicate-or. 
Renovate,   to  renew.     In,novato,   to  make  changes. 

in-Re,n'ovate-ed-ing-ion-or.     Novus,  new. 
Ac,cord,  to  agree  to.     Con,conl,  to  agree  with. 

con-dis-Ac,cord-ant-ance.     Cor,  the  heart. 

13 


146  ANALYSIS     Of     THE 

Abrogate,   to  claim  to  one's  self.     Rogo,  to  ask  ;  ar,  to. 

Derogate,  to  take  from.     Abrogate,  to  repeal. 

ab-de-Ar,rogate-ed-ing-ion.     De,rogatory-ly. 
Con,fess,   to  acknowledge.     Pro,fess,  to  avow  openly. 

pro-Con,fess-ed-ing-ion.     Dispro,fess,   to  renounce. 
De,tect,   to  uncover,  or  find  out.     Project,   to  defend. 

pro-De,tect-ed-or-ion.     undeAed.     unproAed. 
Dif/ident,   wanting  confidence  ;  bashful ;  reserved. 

Confident,  having  full  belief;  positive  ;  bold. 

con-Dif,fid-Ent-ently-ence.     over-Confident. 
Im,pugn,   to  contradict ;  to  blame.     Op,pugn,   to  oppose. 

op-Im,pugn-ed-er-ing.     Im,pugn-er.     unimAed. 
In,flict,   to  lay  on,  as  a  punishment.     Fligo,   to  beat. 

Af,flict,   to  put  to  pain.    Con,flict,  a  collision  ;  a  combat 

af-In,flict-ed-ing-ion-ive.     unafAed. 
Insert,   to  set  in  among.     Sero,  to  sow,  or  plant. 

inter-rein-In,sert-ed-ing-ion.    uninAed. 

Intricate,   entangled  ;  involved ;  perplexed. 

Ex,tricate,   to  disentangle  ;  to  free  from. 

In,tricate-ly-cy.#     Ex,tricate-ed-ing-ble-ion. 
Preside,   to  be  set  over.     Re,side,   to  abide,  or  dwell. 

re-Pre,side-ed-ing-ent-ency.     Nonresident. 
Restrict,   to  confine  within  bounds  ;  to  limit. 

Con,strict,   to  bind  together.     Stringo,  to  bind. 

con-Re,8trict-ed-ion.     unread. 
Subsequent,    following  in  time  or  order.     Sequor,  to  follow. 

Consequent,    following  as  a  natural  eflect ;  an  efled. 

con-Sub,sequ-Ent-ently-cncc.     Con,sequent-ial-iaIly. 
8nr,plus,    an  excess  of  any  thing.     Overplus,  what  remain* 

•  See  Rule  9th. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  1  |7 

SECTION  XL. 

PRIMITIVES    HAVING    AN    INSEPARABLE    PREFIX    CONTINUED 

Ally,   to  unite  by  treaty  ;  to  form  a  union. 

mis-Ally-ed-ing-ance.     unAed.     See  Rule  3d. 
Caution,   to  warn  ;  to  give  notice  of  danger ;  care. 

pre-Cau-Tion-tioned-tionary-tious-tiously. 

i/iAtious-tiously.     t/nAtious.     over  Jtious. 
Constant,    fixed ;  steady.     Sto,  to  stand  ;  cow,  with. 

Circumstances,   condition  ;  state  of  things. 
De,test,   to  abhor.     Pro,test,   to  declare  against. 

pro-De,test-ed-ing-ation.     tinned,     unproved. 
Distinct,   different ;  separate  in  place. 

in-Distinct-ly-ness-ion.     contrajon. 
Ex,trinsic,   external.     Intrinsic,  internal.     inAally. 
Honor,   to  revere,  or  esteem  ;  dignity ;  exalted  rank. 

dis-Honor-ed-able-ably.     unAed.     vndisjed. 
Noble,   great ;  exalted  ;  generous.     Nobilis,  noble. 

En,noble,   to  make  noble  ;  to  make  illustrious. 

disen-en-ig-Noble.     Noble-y-ness.     enjng. 
Office,   a  charge  ;  a  particular  duty,  or  business. 

Officious,   intermeddling  with  ;  forward  in  kindness. 

Officiate,    to  perform  the  official  duties  of  an  office. 

Office-er-ial-ially-iate-ious-iously.     t/nAially-ous-ously. 
Organ,   that  through  which  something  is  done. 

Organize,   to  adapt  parts  to  each  other ;  to  systemize. 

Disorganize,   to  derange  the  parts  ;  to  make  confusion 

dis-re-Organize-ed-er-ing-ation.     tinned. 
Promise,   to  pledge  one's  self ;  a  pledge  ;  assurance. 

Compromise,   a  mutual   promise,  or  contract  of  two 

Promise-ed-ing-o#-ee.     combed,     uncombed.       [parties. 


148  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

Al,Iude,   to  refer  to.     Col,lude,   to  conspire  in  1  fraud. 
De,lude,   to  deceive.     E,lude,  to  evade.     Il,lude,  to  mock 

col-de-e-il-Al,lude-ed-ing.     col-de-e-il-Al,lus-ion-ive. 
Ex,tend,   to  stretch  in  any  direction  ;  to  expand  ;  to  spread 

Ex,tend-ed-ing.     Ex,tensive-sively-8iveness-tion. 

Dis,tend,   to  dilate,  or  spread.     Dis,tend-ed-ing. 

At,tend,   to  direct  the  mind  to.     At,tend-ed-ant-a*ice. 

Con,tend,   to  strive  against.     Con,tend-ed-er-ing. 
De,fer,   to  put  off;  to  yield  in  opinion.     Fero,  to  bear. 

De,fer-red-rer-ring-ence.*     See  Rule  6th. 
Re.fer,   to  appeal  to.     Re,fer-red-ring-able-ence. 

In,fer,   to  draw  from.     Con,fer,   to  consult. 

con-in-Re,fer-red-ring-ence.     unrejed.     misinA. 
Dif,fer,   to  disagree.     Dif,fer-ed-ing-ent-ence-ential. 

Of,fer,   to  bring  before.     Of,fer-ed-ing.     unofAed. 

Prof,fer,   to  offer  for  acceptance.     Prof,fer-ed-ing. 

Suf,fer,   to  undergo,  as  pain.     Suf,fer-ed-er-ance-able 
Pre,fer,   to  regard  first,  as  more  worthy,  or  better. 

Pre,fer-red-ring-ence-ment-able-ably. 
Ap,prehend,   to  take,  or  seize  ;  to  understand  ;  to  fear. 

Ap,prehen-Ded-sive-sively-siveness-sion-sible. 
Com,prehend,   to  contain  ;  to  include  ;  to  understand. 

Com,prehen-Ded-sive-sively-siveness-sion-sible. 
Exterminate,   to  put  an  end  to  ;  to  destroy. 

Ex,terminate-ed-ing-ion-or-ory.     unAe&. 
Ponder,   to  muse,  or  weigh  in  the  mind.     Pondu§.    [weigh 

Ponderous,   weighty ;  heavy.     Pre,pondente,   to  out 

Ponder-ed-er-ing-ous-ously-ance.     />rcAated-ating-ance. 
Solid,   hard  ;  firm  ;  sound.     Consolidate,   to  make  solid. 

Solid-ness-ity-ify.     eonAate-ated-ation.     unconAed. 
•  Wher  the  place  of  accent  change*,  the  consonant  is  not  doubled. 


ENGLISH      LANGUAGE.  \  \'J 

Ap,precia  e,   to  set  value  on.     De,preciate,    to  lessen  value 

de-Ap,preciate-ed-ing-ion.     unapAed.     undeAed. 
Anticipate,   to  take  before  ;  to  forestall.     Capio,  to  take. 

Participate,   to  share  in  common  with  others. 

parti-Anti,c'ipate-ed-ing-ion.     unantiAed.     unpartijng. 
Apo,gee,   that  point  of  a  planet's  orbit  farthest  from  the 

earth.     Peri,gee,   that  point  nearest  the  earth. 
Deprecate,    to  regret ;  to  pray  against.     Precor,  to  pray. 

Im,precate,  to  pray  for  evil  on  ;  to  invoke  evil. 

im-De^'recate-ed-ing-ion.     <feAor-ory.     undejzd. 
De,mise,   to  convey  by  lease,  or  will.     Mitto,  to  send. 

Re,mise,   to  give  back  by  deed  ;  to  release.     redeA.-ed. 
Desultory,   leaping,  or  passing  from  topic  to  topic. 

Re,sult,   to  leap  back  ;  to  ensue.     Salio,  to  leap. 

Re,sult-ed-ing.     De^ultory-ly-ness-ous. 
E,vince,   to  prove  in  a  clear  manner;  to  make  evident. 

Con,vince,   to  satisfy  the  mind  by  evidence. 

Con,vict,   to  prove  guilty.     Vinco,  to  overcome. 

con-E,vince-ed-ible.     Con,vict-ed-ing-ion.     unconjed. 
Epi,demic,    a  general  disease  on  the  people,     epijd. 

En,demic,   a  disease  in  certain  places.     enjA. 
Ex,ecrate,   to  curse,  or  to  denounce  evil  against. 

Desecrate,   to  divert  from  a  sacred  purpose. 

Con,secrate,   to  devote  to  a  sacred  purpose.  Sacer,  holy. 

de,8'-con,8  -Ex,ecrate-ed-ing-ion.     unconAed. 
Prolific,   producing;  productive.     Omni,Pic,  producing  all 

Pro,lific-al-ally-ation-ne88.     unproA.  [things. 

Re,p'rehend,   to  chide  ;  to  reprove,  or  blame. 

Re,p'rehend-ed      Re,p'rehen-8ive-sion.     trre4sible. 
Suc,cinct,   brief;  compressed.      Cingo,  to  gird. 

Pre,cinct,   the  limit,  or  bounds.     Suc,cinct-ly-neM. 


150  ANALYSIS     OP     THE 

Ac,cuse,   to  blame,  or  to  charge  with  an  offense. 

Ac,cuse-ed-er-ing-ation-atory.     unacAe&. 

Ex,cuse,   to  free  from  blame.     Ex,cuse-ed-ing-able. 
A,vail,   to  effect  the  object.      Valeo,  to  be  strong. 

A,vail-ed-ing-able-ably-ability.     unaAmg. 

Pre,vail,   to  overcome.  Pre,vail-ed-ing-ingly,  unprejng 
As,sent,    to  agree  to  ;  consent.     Sentio,  to  think. 

Dis,sent,   to  disagree  in  opinion  ;  difference  of  opinion 

As,sent-ed-ing.     Dis,sent-ed-ing-er. 
At,test,   to  bear  witness  to.     Testis,  a  witness. 

At,test-ed-ing-or-ation.     unatAe&. 

Con,test,   to  strive  with.     Con,test-ed-ing-able. 
Com,plex,   difficult ;  composed  of  two  or  more  parts. 

Com,plex-ity-ly-ness.     xncomA.     Plexus,  twisted. 

Per,plex,   to  puzzle  ;  to  confuse.     Per,plex-ed-ing-ity 
Com,plete,   to  finish,  or  finished.     Pleo,  to  fill. 

Re,plete,   full,  or  filled.     Re,plete-ion-ive. 

De,plete,   to  empty.     De,plete-ed-ing-ion-ory. 
De,flect,   to  turn  from  a  right  line.     Flecto,  to  bend. 

De,flect-ed-ing-ion.     Re,flect-ed-ion-ive-ivcly. 

In,flect,   to  bend  in.     In,flect-ed-ion-ive. 
Ac,quire,   to  obtain,  or  to  gain.     Quaro,  to  seek. 

Ac,quire-ed-ing-ment.     unacted.     Acquisition. 

Re,quire,   to  ask  for ;  to  exact.     Re,quire-ed-ment. 

In,quire,   to  ask  about.     In,quire-ed-ing-ingly. 
[n,fuse,   to  pour  in;  to  instill,  as  principles. 

In,fu8e-ed-ing-ion-ible-ibility.     reinA.     umnAed. 

Con,fuse,   to  mix  or  blend  things.     Con,fuse-ed-ion. 

Pro,fuse,    lavish.     Pro,fuse-ly-ness-ion. 

Dif,fuse,   to  pour  out  and  spread.     Dif,fuse-ion-ive. 

Af.fusion     a  pouring  on.     Ef,fusion,   a  pouring  out 


>  Ornithology -ist-ical. 


>  BiOjg'raphy-er-ic-ical 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE  151 

Astrology,   the  science  which  teaches  to  judge  of  the  in 
fluen.ce  of  the  stars,  and  foretell  future  events.    Logos,* 
a  word  or  discourse  ;  and  aster,  a  star,  or  astron,  a  con- 
stellation of  stars.     Hence,  the  common  definer  is,  Tkt 
science  of,  or  the  discoursing  of;  which  must  be  joined 
to  the  import  of  each  prefix,  as  before  instructed. 
chrono-cosmo-geo-Astro,l'ogy-ist-ical. 
zoo-entomo-mytho-pyro-hydro- 
osteo-physio-chiro-theo- 

Bio,g'raphy,    the  history  of  the  life  and  character  of  any 
particular  person.     Grapho,  to  write ;  to  describe,  or  to 
engrave ;  and  bio,  for  bios,  life.     Hence,  the  common 
definer  is,  The  writing  of,  or  describing. 
biblio-chrono-cosmo-geo- 
hydro-choro-topo-zoo- 

Chrono,m'eter,   an  instrument  that  measures  time,  as  a  clock 
or  watch.  Metrvm,  a  measure  ;  and  chrono,  time.   Hence, 
the  common  definer  is,  An  instrument  for  measuring. 
hydro-helio-pyro-stereo-thermo-Chrono,m'eter. 

Homijcide,   the  slaying  or  killing  of  one  man  by  another. 

C<edo,  to  slay,  or  kill ;  and  homo,  a  man.     Hence,  each 

prefix  denotes  what  is  slain. 

dei-fratri-infanti-matri-parri-  )  _.      .    .. 

.  *  >  Homi,cide. 

soron-sui-tyranni-regi-t  ) 

Stenography,    the  art  of  writing  in  short-hand,  bv  the  use 

of  characters,  &c. 

chiro-ortho-typo-Steno,g'raphy-er-ic. 

•  The  pupil  should  learn  the  meaning  of  the  roots,  Logos,  Grapho, 
Met  rum,  and  Csedo. 

f  Dei,  implies  a  god;  Fratri,  a  brother;  Infanti,  an  infant;  Matri,  a 
mother;  Parri,  a  parent;  Sorori,  a  sister;  Sui,  ones  self:  Tjrranni,  • 
tyrant;  RegL  a  king. 


152  ANALYSIS    OF    CHEMICAL    TERMS. 

SECTION  XLI. 

CHEMICAL    IMPORT    OF    CERTAIN    SUFFIXES    AND    PREFIXES. 

oxygen — is  a  permanently  elastic  invisible  fluid,  capable  of  producing 
acidity,  >r  sourness,  such  as  in  vinegar. 

base — in  chemistry,  denotes  any  substance  with  which  oxygen  com- 
biijes  to  form  an  acid ;  or  with  which  an  acid  combines  to  form  a 
salt 

oxtd — is  a  compound  of  oxygen  with  some  base  destitute  of  acid. 

alkali — is  a  substance  having  an  acrid  taste ;  as,  soda  and  potash. 

a  salt — is  an  earth,  alkali,  or  metallic  oxyd,  combined  with  an  acid. 

i<3 — suffixed  to  the  name  of  an  acid,  denotes  it  to  contain  a  greater  por- 
tion of  oxygen,  than  when  it  is  suffixed  by  ous;  as,  nitric  acid,  or 
nitrous  /  sulphuric,  or  sulphurous. 

htpo — denotes  an  acid  containing  a  definite  portion  of  oxygen  below 
what  ic  or  ous  denotes ;  as,  Ayjoosulphuric,  or  /tyjDosulphurou*. 

its  and  ate— denote  whether  it  is  an  acid  in  ic  or  ous,  which  forms  the 
salt  If  the  salt  is  nitrite,  the  acid  is  nitric;  but  if  the  salt  is 
nitrate,  the  acid  is  nitrous. 

ret— -denotes  a  compound  of  which  only  one  of  the  two  ingredients  is 
capable  of  being  made  acid,  but  was  'not  so  made  when  com- 
pounded with  the  other ;  as,  carburc*  of  iron. 

retted— denotes  a  compound,  both  of  whose  ingredients  are  capable  of 
being  made  acid,  but  were  not  so  made  when  compounded ;  as, 
envhuretted  hydrogen  gas. 

sub— as  a  prefix,  denotes  less  of  the  acid,  or  an  excess  of  the  base  over 
the  acid ;  as,  ruocarbonate  of  soda, 

super — denotes  an  excess  of  the  acid,  over  the  base  ;  as,  supercarbonate 
of  soda, 

bi— denotes  two  parts  of  acid  to  one  part  of  the  base ;  as,  bicarbonate 
of  soda,  hyper  and  super,  denote  an  excess  of  the  oxygen  over 
the  base  with  which  it  is  united ;  as,  hyperoxjd,  or  superoxyd. 

pro— denotes  one  portion ;  deu,  two  portions ;  tri,  three  portions  ;  and 
per,  fmr  portions  of  oxygen  combined  with  some  base,  destitute  of 
acid     as,  protoxyd,  deutoxyd,  /rttoxyd,  and  peroxyd  of  tnanganrae 


APPENDIX. 


No.  L 

GENERAL   AND  SPECIAL  RULES  FOR  PRONOUNCING  THB 
ENGLISH  LANGUAGE. 

The  following  Rules  are  deduced  from  the  composition  of  the  words 
and  in  most  cases,  furnish  an  infallible  guide,  by  which  to  determine 
syllable  the  main  accent  should  fall    This  point  being  settled,  die  place*  of  the  semi* 
accents  can  not  be  mistaken. 

The  pupil  must  remember,  that  penult  means  the  last  syllable  but  m<  in  a  word; 
and  antepenult  the  last  but  two. 

It  is  believed,  that  a  careful  observance  of  these  rules,  will  not  only  contribute  to 
uniformity  in  pronunciation,  but  aid  in  settling  the  disputed  accent  of  many  words. 

L  General  Rule.  Words  of  two  syllables,  the  first  of  which  is  a 
separable,  or  inseparable  prefix,*  commonly  take  the  accent  on  the 
second ;  as,  de-base',  pro-claim' ;  but  if  the  first  syllable  partakes  of 
the  root,  the  accent  generally  falls  on  the  first ;  as  ur'-genf;  tal'-enL 

Note. — This  rule  has  an  extensive  application,  and  the  main  exceptions  are 
found  in  those  words  which  may  be  used  either  as  nouns  or  verbs.  When  used  as 
nouns,  the  accent,  in  most  cases,  rests  on  the  first  syllable;  as,  an  ex'-tract,  his) 
con'-duct ;  but  when  used  as  verbs,  the  accent  commonly  falls  on  the  second ;  as, 
to  ex-tracf ,  to  con-ductf. 

Rule  1st.     All  words  of  one  syllable,  becoming  words  of  two  sylla- 
bles, by  adding  the  following  single  suffixes,  as  seen  italicised 
examples,  invariably  retain  the  accent  on  the  first  syllable,  viz. : 


art'-trf 

fear'-/!*/ 

just'-ic# 

senr'-atrt 

boy-hood 

form'-a/ 

learn'-«J 

*oW-*nt 

clear/-an<?« 

fool'-wA 

mass'-tt* 

tm'-ism 

class'-tc 

frail'-ty 

peer/-<i£« 

town'-sAtp 

duke'-dom 

farm'-er 

pomp'-ou* 

tire'-sowM 

drunk'-ar<£ 

flux'-um 

pave'-m*n< 

te*m'-4*r 

dark'-m 

good'-n^M 

prees'-vr* 

walk'-tiy 

beast'-Zy 

hope'-few 

penn'-ol* 

*  For  the  definitions  of  a  separable,  and  inseparable  prefix,  and  the  root  of  a  word, 
see  the  7th  and  9th  pages. 


154 


APPENDIX. 


Rule  2d.  All  worda  of  one  syllable,  becoming  words  of  three  of 
four  syllables,  by  the  addition  of  the  following  combined  suffixes,  as 
italicised,  always  retain  the  primary  accent  on  the  first  syllable,  viz. : 

act'-tWy  faith' -fulness  just'-*///  shame'-fe**n«*s 

actuate  f.iW-ifiable  le&m'-edly  thii^'-rdttrss 

act'-ivenes$  fawn'-ingly  love'-lincss  sear'-ifying 

brut'-olize  fix'-cdness  loath' -somcncss  Bweet'-ening 

care'-lessly  fault'-ify  lone'-somely  sens' -itively 

clown'-ishly  (at'-olism  \&xy-ative  Ban'-aliveneu 

child'-wAnatt  form'-alist  pay-able  sens'-ibly 

charm' -ingness  fruit'-ery  peace'-ably  tend'-ency 

olaas'-ically  har&'-ened  pomp'-ous/y  verb'-ally 

change' -ableness  joy'-fully  pomp' -ousness  dust'-tn^M 

Rule  3d.  All  words  of  three  or  more  syllables,  ending  in  ability, 
ibility,  ical,  ity,  or  ety,  have  the  primary  accent,  invariably  on  the 
antepenult;  as,  sens-i-bil'-i-ty,  e-co-nom'-ic-al,  cu-ri-os'-i-ty. 

Note. — When  two  vowels  come  together  in  words  ending  in  ity,  the  one  under 
accent  is  always  long ;  as  in  D6'«i-ty.  If  one  consonant  intervene,  all  are  short  except 
u ;  as  in  levM-ty.    If  two  consonants  intervene,  u  is  short ;  as  in  curvM-ty. 

Rule  4th.  All  that  numerous  class  of  words  consisting  of  no  more 
than  three  syllables,  the  last  letter  of  which  is  y,  not  preceded  by  a 
vowel,  as  in  attorney,  nor  mute  e  before  ly,  as  in  profusely,  are  very 
uniformly  accented  on  the  first  syllable ;  as,  fel'-o-ny,  ar'-te-ry. 

Rule  5th.  All  words  ending  in  tion,  sion,  ion,  cious,  tious,  date, 
tiate,  dent,  tient,  tial,  tia,  dan,  dal,  da,  ceous,  geous,  gious,  and  geon, 
when  pronounced  in  one  syllable,  invariably  take  the  primary  accent 
on  the  syllable  preceding  those  terminations;  as,  con-fed-er-a'-tion. 
Nothing  but  ity  after  al,  in  words  ending  in  ion,  ever  removes  the 
accent ;  as,  na'-tion,  na'-tion-al,  na-tion-aT-i-ty. 

Note. — When  the  above  terminations  are  preceded  by  a  vowel,  it  is  very  uni- 
formly long ;  as  in  lo-qua'-cious,  unless  it  be  i,  which  is  as  uniformly  short ;  as  in 
vn-bi'-tion. 

Rule  6th. — All  words  of  three  or  more  syllables,  having  the  following 
terminations,  or  roots,  viz. :  cracy,  gamy,  graphy,  logy,  machy,  metry, 
nomy,  phony  pathy,  tomy,  thropy,  lysis,  ferous,  gerous,  vorous,  always 
take  the  accent  on  the  an4«?penult ;  as. 


APPENDIX.  155 

a  nat'o-my  ge-o^ -raphy  Xke-ol'-o-gy  ar-mi/-*r-otu 

An-tip'~a-thy  de-moc'-ra-cy  po-ly^-a-my  pes-ti/*-<T-ous 

as-trou'-o-my  ge-om'-e-try  phi-Ian' -thro-py  car-nit;' -or-ous 

a  n&l'-y-sis  the-om'-a-chy  &yn\ -pho-ny 

Note. — No  change   in  the  above   termination*,  aa  astronomy  into 
&.c,  nor  any  addition  of  prefixes  or  suffixes,  except  eimn,  iml,  and  ie,  ever 
the  place  of  accent 

Rule  7th.  All  words  ending  in  tea,  politics  excepted,  are  accented 
on  the  penult;  as,  op'tics,  me-chan'-ics. 

Rule  8th.  Words  ending  in  tc,  when  a  suffix,  and  with  few  excep- 
tions when  otherwise,  are  accented  on  the  penult;  as,  dra-mat'-ic, 
al-pha-bet'-ic. 

Note. — The  suffix  ic,  when  added  to  words  of  man  than  one  syllable,  always 
changes  the  place  of  accent ;  as  in  meth'-od,  me-thod'-ic ;  except  in  six  cases ;  as  in 
ehol'-er-ic 

Rule  9th.  All  words  of  two  syllables,  ending  in  le,  including  no 
other  vowel  in  the  same  syllable,  are  always  accented  on  the  first ;  as, 
eir'-cle ;  but  if  the  word  consist  of  more  than  two  syllables,  the  accent* 
with  few  exceptions,  falls  on  the  antepenult ;  as,  re-cep'-ta-cle. 

Note. — The  suffixes,  able  and  ible,  never  fall  under  this  rule,  except  the  word 
a'-ble.  Words  of  two  syllables  frequently  add  r,  as  in  cob'-bler ;  but  never  chang* 
the  accent 

Rule  10th.  "Words  of  three  or  more  syllables,  ending  in  ate,  with  a 
single  consonant  between  the  vowel  of  the  penult  syllable  and  ate, 
including  cr  and  tr,  or  with  no  consonant  intervening,  take  the  accent 
on  the  antepenult;  as,  fab'-ri-cate,  re-tal'-i-ate,  con'-se-cratc ;  but  il 
two  consonants,  other  than  cr  and  tr  intervene,  the  accent  is  on  the 
penult;  js,  in-car'-nate. 

Note.— The  exceptions  are,  mag'-is-trate,  leg'-la-late,  po'-tent-ate,  per*-e-grin-a*e, 
and  a  few  words  always  known  by  the  doubling  of  I 

Remaac— This  is  evidence  that  contemplate,  eompenemte,  and  such  words  of  dis- 
puted accent  thould  come  under  the  rule  of  double  consonants.  Words  in  em  oAsa 
drop  s,  and  take  ion,  adding  a  syllable,  and  changing  the  accent,  as.  ear*  O  lata, 
em-ula'-tion.    See  Rule  5. 

Rule  11th.  Words  in  mew/,  of  three  or  more  syllables,  ending  the 
penult  in  ize,  ish,  or  a  votoel,  take  the  accent  on  the  antepenult ;  aa 
ban'-ish-ment     bat  if  the  pent*''  end  with  a  consonant,  mute  «,  or  a 


156  APPENDIX. 

diphthong,  tho   accent  rests  oil   the  penult;  as,  de-pnrt'-raeat*  con 
tine'-ment,  en-joy'-ment 

Note. — The  exceptions  are  but  fbw,  and  easily  distinguished.  Al,  ary,  and  ativ^ 
always  change  the  accent  to  ment ;  as,  al'-i-ment,  ali-mrut'-ary. 

Rule  1 2th.  All  words  of  three  syllables  in  able,  ible,  ably,  ibly,  and 
all  words  of  four  syllables,  in  ableness,  iblencsx,  are  accented  on  the 
first ;  as,  niov'-a-ble,  blaiu'-a-ble-ne*L 

Rule  13th,  All  words  in  tive,  preceded  by  a  tingle  consonant,  by 
nip,  or  nc,  and  all  words  in  ive,  preceded  by  *  or  c,  except  substantive 
and  adjective,  are  accented  on  the  penult ;  as,  il-lu'-sive,  re-ten'-tive, 
com-pre-hen'-sive. 

Rule  14th.  All  words  of  three  syllables  in  ary  and  ory,  except 
ca-na'-ry  and  va-ga'-ry,  are  accented  on  the  first;  as,  sal'-a-ry, 
niem'-o-ry. 

Note. — Canary  and  vagary  ought  not  to  be  exceptions. 

Rule  15th.  All  words  in  ary  and  ory,  preceded  by  *,  or  in  which 
tary  and  tory  are  preceded  by  p  or  c,  are  accented  on  the  antepenult 
as,  per-8ua'-so-ry,  per-emp'-to-ry.  The  only  exceptions  to  this  rule 
are  ad'-ver-sa-ry,  and  five  others,  doubling  *  ;  as,  prom'-is-so-ry. .  All 
other  words  of  four  syllables  only,  in  this  class,  are  accented  on  the 
first;  as,  mon'-i-to-ry. 

IL  General  Rule.  Two  methods  for  finding  the  accented  syllable 
in  all  words  of  more  than  three  syllables,  in  ive  or  able  ;  and  of  more 
than  four  in  ary  and  ory.  1st  The  accent*  very  uniformly,  reste  on 
the  first  syllable  of  the  root ;  as,  con-form'-able.  If  a  single  letter  of 
the  root  unites  with  a  prefix,  or  that  letter  is  doubled  for  euphony,  it 
usually  carries  the  accent  with  it;  as,  pred'-i-ca-ble,  2d.  When  the 
words  of  these  terminations  are  accurately  divided  into  their  proj>er 
syllables,  according  to  the  established  rules  of  syllabication,  the  accent, 
with  very  few  exceptions,  falls  on  the  first  syllable  ending  with  a  con- 
sonant,  and  preceding  those  terminations ;  as,  co-teni'-po-ra-ry. 

Note. — Nearly  all  the  exceptions  to  this  second  method,  are  words  in  which  the 
antpoenult  syllable  ends  in  on,  or,  it,  er,  or  ment;  as,  parMon-a-ble,  hab'-it-a-bl^ 
con-fed'-er-a-tive,  Sec. 

Rule  16th.  All  words  of  more  than  two  syllables  in  fy,  invariably 
Uke  the  accent  on  the  antepenult ;  as,  glo'-ri-fy,  per-son'-i-fy. 


APPENDIX.  157 

Rule  17  th.  Words  of  three  or  more  syllables  in  out,  hi  ig  a  single 
aonsonant  between  the  vowel  of  the  penult  syllable  and  tut,  or  with 
no  consonant  intervening,  are  accented  on  the  antepenult ;  as,  par-«- 
mo'-ni-ous ;  but  if  txoo  consonants  intervene,  the  accent  is  on  the  penult; 
as,  tre-nien'-dous. 

Note. — The  exceptions  do  not  exceed  twelve  words ;  two  of  which,  ca-no'-roui 
and  so-no'-rous,  ought  not  to  be  included. 

Rule  18th.  As,  es,  is,  or  os,  preceding  ent,  or  ence,  as  the  last  sylla- 
ble, are  always  under  accent ;  as,  con-va-les'-cent 

Rule  19th.  Words  of  three  or  more  syllables  in  ant,  ent,  once,  and 
ence,  when  a  single  consonant  comes  between  the  vowel  of  the  penult 
syllable  and  the  vowel  in  the  final  syllable,  or  when  no  consonant  in- 
tervenes, are  accented  on  the  antepenult ;  as,  e-quiv'-a-lent ;  but  if  two 
consonants  intervene,  or  if  the  final  syllable,  or  penult,  contains  a 
diphthong,  the  accent  falls  on  the  penult ;  as,  re-fiiT-gent,  con-ven'-ient 

Note. — The  exceptions  in  this  numerous  class  of  words  axe  but  few.  Under  the 
first  clause  of  the  rule,  they  may  commonly  be  known  by  u,  v,  r,  or  i,  before  ant  or 
ent;  and  in  the  second  clause  by  e,  et,  or  U,  before  ant  or  ent.  Al  and  ial  always 
bring  the  accent  to  ent;  as,  pa'-rent,  pa-renf-al,  con'-se-quent,  con-ee-quen'-tiaL 

Remark. — Most  words  in  cy  are  derived  from  those  ending  in  ant,  ent,  ana,  ence, 
or  ate,  by  dropping  t  and  e  final,  and  adding  y  or  cy ;  as,  ur'-gent,  ur'-gen-cy,  delM-cate. 
..el'-i-ca-cy.     Cy  always  adds  a  syllable,  but  never  changes  the  accent 

IIL  General  Rule.  Words  of  more  than  two  syllables,  the  last  two 
letters  of  which  are  al,  an,  ar,  or  um,  having  but  one  consonant,  and 
oftentimes  none,  between  the  vowel  of  the  penult  syllable  and  those 
terminations,  are  very  generally  accented  on  the  antepenult;  as, 
ma-te'-ri-al ;  but  if  two  consonants  intervene,  the  accent  commonly  falls 
on  the  penult ;  as,  di-ur'-naL 

Note.— The  terminations  or,  al,  and  lor,  uniformly  accent  the  antepenult.  The 
main  exceptions  to  the  rule  are,  when  v,  *,  or  e,  precedes  those  terminations,  when  It 

asually  foils  on  the  penult ;  as,  l-de'-al. 

Rule  20th.  Words  of  three  syllables  in  ize,  ist,  ism,  are  uniformly 
accented  on  the  first ;  as,  le'-gal-ize.  But  if  the  word  consist  of  four 
or  more  syllables,  the  accent,  with  very  few  exceptions,  is  on  the  pre- 
antepenult ;  as,  par-tic'-u-lar-ize,  pres-by-te'-ri-an-ism. 

Note — The  exceptions  are  among  such  words  as  have  prefixes ;  as,  ex-tcra'per-lso 
•no-nop'-o-lu",  marking  the  root  by  accent 


Kb  APPENDIX. 

Rule  21st  Words  of  more  than  two  syllables  in  ud*\  are  accented 
on  the  antepenult ;  as,  lat'-i-tude,  de-crep'-i-tude. 

Rule  22<L  Words  of  three  syllables,  the  first  two  of  which  are  pre- 
fixes, and  words  ending  in  ode,  are  very  uniformly  accented  on  the  last; 
as,  in-ter-cede',  lem-onade'. 

Rule  23d.  Words  ending  in  ure,  with  few  exceptions,  take  the 
accent  on  the  first  syllable  of  the  root ;  as,  fig'-ure,  lit'-er-a-ture,  pro- 
cure', en-clos'-ure. 

Observation. — After  the  place  of  accent  has  been  found  in  the 
several  classes  of  words,  according  to  the  above  Rules,  thousands  of 
other  words  are  afterward  formed  from  them  by  the  use  of  the  pre- 
fixes and  suffixes.  The  accent,  however,  as  first  founds  is  seldom 
changed  by  any  suffixes  subsequently  added,  except  by  such  as  come 
under  Special  Rules. 

For  a  single  example  of  this,  take  a  word  in  ate,  coming  under  Rule 
10th;  as,  com-mu'-ni-eate  -ed-ing-ble-bleness-ive-ively-iveness-ory-ion- 
bility ;  and  it  will  be  seen  that  the  accent  remains  unchanged,  till  ion  and 
bility  are  added,  when  it  is  removed  according  to  Rules  3d  and  5th. 

In  a  few  instances,  the  addition  of  a  prefix  or  suffix,  throws  back  the 
first  letter  of  the  root  to  the  prefix,  and  with  it  the  accent ;  as,  pro'-bate, 
rap'-ro-bate ;  pre-fer',  pref-er-ence.  No  suffixes,  however,  change  the 
accent  after  it  is  fixed  by  ic  or  mis ;  as,  dra'-ma,  dra-mat'-ic,  dra-mat'- 
ic-al,  dra-mat'-ic-al-ly ;  mel'-o-dy,  me-lo'-di-ous,  me-lo'-di-ous-ly,  me-lo' 
di-ous-ness. 


No.  IL 
ORIGIN    OF    SOME    OF    THE    PREFIXES    AND    SUFFIXES. 

The  greater  part  of  the  prefixes  in  the  English  language,  come  to  us 
from  the  Latin  and  Greek.  In  those  languages,  they  are  separable,  or 
inseparable  prepositions.  Very  little  difference  exists  in  their  inde- 
pendent signification  and  conjunct  influence,  as  used  in  our  language, 
and  in  those  languages  whence  they  are  derived.  Their  extent  of  ap- 
plication gives  them  a  commanding  influence.  Hence,  the  importance 
of  a  distinct  understanding  of  all  those  small  words,  so  extensively  in- 
terwoven in  the  formation  of  our  derivative  words. 


API'KNDIX.  |fg 


Tlie  euflixes  are  of  a  moie  doubtful  origin;  yet  their 
port,  as  appended  to  words,  can  be  obtained  with  sufficient 
to  answer  the  more  important  purposes  of  this  work.  Nor  is  it  very 
material  in  this  case,  whether  we  can  or  can  not  decide  unequivocally 
on  their  origin,  provided  we  can  be  satisfied  how  their  application 
does  change,  alter,  or  modify  the  import  of  words,  according  to  estab- 
lished usage.  Although  such  inquiry  is  not  necessarily  orainortod 
with  this  work,  yet  we  will  give  some  general  view,  both  as  to  the  (act 
and  probability,  of  their  derivations. 

er — when  it  signifies  a  person,  as  in  lover,  farmer,  Ac,  is  considered 
to  be  a  contraction  of  the  Saxon  ieer,  which  signifies,  a  man.  Hence, 
lover  implies  a  man,  or  person  who  loves. 

or — is  derived  from  the  Latin.  Er  and  or,  go  far  in  distinguishing 
Saxon  and  Latin  derivations. 

ess — is  probably  of  Hebrew  origin ;  yet  many  derivatives  in  or,  from 
Latin,  take  ess,  to  distinguish  the  gender;  as,  actor,  actress,  generally 
dropping  the  vowel  which  precedes  r. 

Y — when  the  final  letter,  is  thought  to  be  the  equivalent  of  the 
German  ei,  and  gives  at  least  three  different  senses  to  words. 

1.  It  expresses  a  condition  ;  as,  slave,  slaver,  slavery. 

2.  A  place  where  something  is  done  or  kept ;  as,  factor,  factory  ; 
armor,  armory. 

3.  The  possession  of  something ;  as,  weal,  wealth,  wealthy. 

LY — is  a  contraction  of  like,  derived  from  the  German  *  lick*  We 
say  either  death-Zt'A:e,  or  denth/y;  god-/»'X:e,  or  god/y;  but  we  always 
say  good/y,  and  war-like. 

ty — is  derived  from  Latin ;  as,  pietas,  whence  piety ;  levi/a*,  levity  • 
serenifas,  serenity;  civilifas,  civility. 

ft,  fit,  fio — have  a  common  origin,  which  is  the  contraction  of  the 
Latin  verb  facto,  or  fio,  to  make  or  become.  Fructi/y  is  a  eon- 
traction  of  fructus  and  facto,  to  make  fruitful ;  Dei/y,  of  dtus  and 
facto. 

able  and  iblk — Home  Tooke  thinks,  are  taken  from  the  Gothic 
word    abal,  implying  power,  strength,  or  ability. 

Able  and  ible,  are  also  common  in  Latin. 

xi  ve — is  borrowed  from  the  Latin  tivus;  as,  naitV**,  oa/ci* : 
nominali'vus,  nominative ;  gentiivu*,  geni/ 


]  60  APPENDIX. 

to — is  a  contraction,  as  it  is  thought,  from  the  Greek  ikos ;  aa 
krit/A-os,  oritur     Some,  however,  are  from  Latin  and  French 

tion,  sion — are  derived  from  Latin,  and  in  many  instances  differ  in 
signification  very  little  from  'ingf  as,  in  education,  or  educating. 
When  the  Latin  supine,  whence  they  are  borrowed,  ends  in  turn,  we 
gpell  the  English  Wort  with  tion,  but  when  the  supine  is  swn,  we  8]»el] 
it  tion;  thus, 

Lai.     Moii/tn,  conventam,  forma/um,  collect//;). 

En.     Motion,  convention,  formation,  collection. 

Lai.     Aversion,  submersum,  incursuwi,  adheswwi. 

En.     Aversion,  submersion,  incursion,  adhesion, 

Otliere  are  formed  from  Latin  nouns,  by  the  addition  of  n,  to  the 
nominative  case ;  as,  from  n&tio  and  staf  io,  we  thus  form  nation  and 
station. 

These  six  terminations  have  evidently  grown  out  of  the 
pres.  part.  nom.  case  of  Latin  verbs,  because  the  spelling  of 
each,  agrees  with  the  four  conjugations.  The  first,  with 
few  exceptions,  has  ance  ;  the  second  and  third,  ence ;  and 
the  fourth,  ience.  LaL,  First  conj.  Affirmans,  accord a?is, 
circums/ans.     En.  Affirmance,  accordance,  circumstance. 

Lai.  Second  and  third  conj.     Tendens,  agens,  ardens,  insolvens. 

En.    Tendency,  agency,  ardency,  insolvency. 

Lot.  Fourth  conj.     Audiens?  conveniens,  obediens,  experiens. 

En.   Audience,  convenience,  obedience,  experience. 

Lai.  Dissonans,  dependent,  delinquens,  expedient. 

En.    Dissonant,  dependent,  delinquent,  expedient 

This  fact,  if  duly  regarded  by  the  classical  scholar,  would  prevent 
any  mistakes  in  spelling  words  of  this  description. 

ment  and  age — are  admitted  to  be  of  French  origin.  Ment,  is  ex 
tensively  used. 

ate — There  is  a  numerous  class  of  words  having  this  termination, 
which  in  form  exactly  agrees  with  the  Imp.  mode  of  Lat  verbs,  second 
person,  plura\,  and  the  Lat  perf.  part,  vocative  case;  yet  in  significa- 
tion, there  is  little  or  no  analogy.  It  is  now  an  English  termination, 
common  to  words  of  Lat  derivation ;  as,  accelerate,  obliterate,  de- 
liberate, demonstrate,  accommodate,  <fcc 

i>— In    such  words    as   multiplicand^  dividend  subtrahend^  legend 


ANCE, 

ENCE, 

ANCT, 

ENCY, 

ANT, 

ENT. 


APPENDIX.  161 

reverend*,  «tc-,  is  evidently  a  contraction  of  the  Lat  d*u,  or  dum  ;  as, 
legend  for  legenc/us,  Ac. 

able — is  derived  from  the  Latin  habilis,  and  sometime*  spelled,  ible 

en — is  derived  from  the  Saxon  an,  through  the  German  en,  and  was 
originally  equivalent  to  our  particle  to,  of  the  infinitive  mode,  ftnwfl 
the  Saxons,  en  and  n,  were  used  in  common  with  ed,  as  participial  ter- 
minations; as,  craven,  heaven,  barren;  for  craved*,  heaved*,  barred*; 
both  are  retained  by  established  usage.  We  now  say  given  instead  of 
gived*,  or  we  make  use  of  either ;  as,  engraven,  or  engraved*;  yet  by 
far  the  most  numerous  class  of  words  retain  ed  exclusively.  T  it 
often  used  like  en  for  ed  ;  as,  buil*  for  builded". 

Rio — is  derived  from  German,  and  implies  possession ;  as,  bishopric. 

dom — is  from  the  German  thurn,  implying  a  collection  of  things. 

ing — is  taken  from  the  German  ung. 

ling  and  kin — are  also  borrowed  from  the  German,  and  are  com 
monly  used  as  diminutives;  as,  duckling,  a  little  duck;  lambJttn,  a 
little  lamb. 

hood— is  also  borrowed  from  German;  as,  boyhood*,  priestAood^ 
expressing  a  state  or  condition. 

ish — is  the  substitute  for  the  German  isch> 

some — probably  may  have  come  from  the  German  scan 

ful — is  derived  from  the  German  roll. 

less — is  also  from  the  German  los. 

ed — While  a  great  portion  of  our  verbs  derived  from  the  Saxon,  are 
very  irregular ;  as,  drink,  swim,  fling,  <fca ;  those  of  Latin  origin  are 
pretty  uniformly  marked,  by  the  regular  addition  of  ed*,  to  their  im- 
perfect tense,  and  perfect  participle. 

8HD? — seems  to  be  borrowed  from  some  word,  implying  tc  tfoy*,  ot 
do  something ;  as,  friendship,  fellowship,  <tc. 

Ness — is  doubtless  from  the  German  nis*. 

al — may  be  considered  of  I*atin  origin. 

ar  and  ort — are  also  derived  from  the  Latin. 

ize,  BT,  ism — are  of  Greek  derivation. 

ure — is  from  the  Latin. 

ude  and  TUDE — are  also  from  the  Latin. 

oid— is  derived  from  the  Greek  etdos. 

oub — is  taken  from  the  Latin. 


1C2  APPENDIX. 

No.  III. 

A    FEW    WORDS    MORE    PARTICULARLY    ANALVZED. 

The  following  words,  of  Latin  and  Greek  derivation,  are  more  pan 
ticularly  analyzed,  to  induce  the  pupil  to  a  further  examination  ititc 
the  structure  of  words  in  general.     Those  of   Greek  derivation,  arc 
indicated  by  the  abbreviation,  gr. 
Anniversary — is  from  annus,  a  year ;  and  versus,  a  turning,  or  returning. 

Hence  the  import*  returning  with  the  year,  or  a  yearly  celebration. 
Animadvert — is  from  vertus,  turning ;  animus,  the  mind  ;  and  ad,  to. 

Whence  comes  the  meaning  to  consider,  Ac 
Apostate — is  from  the  gr.  apo,  from  or  off;  and  stas,  standing.     Hence 

one  who  has  departed  from. 
Atmosphere — is  from  the  gr.  atmos,  vapor ;  and  sphaira,  round  or  sphere. 
Alphabet — is  from  the  first  two  Greek  letters,  alpha  and  beta. 
Agriculture — is  from  ager  or  agri,  a  field;  and  cultura,  tillage. 
Apode — is  from  the  gr.  a,  privative,  meaning  without;   and  pons,  a 

foot     Whence   apode  is  without  feet,   like   a  fish.      JVypode, 

antipodes. 
Apology — is  from  the  gr.  apo,  from  or  off ;  and  logos,  a  word. 
Blaspheme — is  from  the  gr.  blax,  nefarious  or  impious;  and  phemi,  to 

speak. 
Conjugal — is  from  con,  with  or  together ;  and  jugum,  a  yoke;  meaning 

yoked  together,  or  married. 
Constant,  Distant,  Circumstance — are  from  con,  meaning  together,  or 

with;    di,  separated,  or  apart;    circum,  around;   and  stans,   ii 

standing.     Hence,  constant*  is  standing  together,  or  fixed,  firm, 

steady,  Ac     Distant,  standing  apart ;  whence  it  implies  remote, 

reserved,  Ac     So,  good  circumstances  is  being  surrounded   by 

every  thing  needfuL 
Consequences,  Subsequent — are  from  con,  with ;  sub,  under  or  after ; 

and  sequens,  following.     Then,  consequences  are  what  follow  in 

connection  with ;  but  subsequent  is  what  follows  after. 
Confident*  Diffident,  Infidel,  and  Perfidy — are  all  from  fides  or  fidtn*. 

meaning  faith,  trust,  Ac,  modified  by  the  prefixes,  con,  dif,  in, 

and  per. 


•  PPENDIX.  1(1 


Cataract — is  from  the  gr.  kata,  against ;  and  rosso,  to 

Concomitant — is  from  coitus,  a  companion  ;  and  comet  is  (ram  eon  and 
eo,  to  go  with.  Hence,  con  repeated,  implies  a  repetition  ol 
meaning ;  as,  going  and  coming  together,  or  a  continued  union, 

Disease — is  from  dis  and  ease,  a  deprivation  of  ease. 

Dismal — is  from  malus,  evil;  dies,  day.     Hence,  diie,  horrid, gloom y. 

Desoise — is  from  specio,  to  look ;  de,  down,  as  with  contempt 

Decapolis — is  from  deca,  ten  ;  polls,  a  city. 

Desultory,  Insult,  Exult;  Result — are  from  de,  down  or  from ;  in,  in  or 
on ;  ex,  out ;  re,  again  or  back  ;  and  *alio,  to  leap.  Hence,  desul- 
tory, is  leaping,  or  passing  abruptly  from  one  subject  to  another ; 
insult,  leaping  on,  or  gross  abuse ;  exult,  leaping  out,  or  excessive 
joy ;  and  result*  leaping  back,  or  a  consequence  following. 

Devious,  Previous,  Pervious — are  from  de,  from ;  vto,  the  way.  Hence, 
out  of  the  way,  or  wandering.  In  like  manner,  pre,  before ;  and 
per,  by  or  through,  give  the  different  imports. 

Divide — is  from  the  obsolete  word,  viduo,  to  separate;  di,  apart; 
whence  we  derive  the  word  individual,  meaning  one  undivided 
person,  or  tiling. 

Disaster — is  from  di*,  separation ;  and  the  gr.  astron,  a  star.  The  an- 
cients supposed  the  star  under  which  a  person  was  born  governed 
his  destiny ;  hence,  disaster  comes  to  mean  ill-luck,  misfortune. 

Democrat — is  from  the  gr.  demos,  the  people;  and  kratos,  power; 
hence,  a  popular  government 

Discrepancy — is  from  crepo,  to  crackle  or  jingle ;  di*,  asunder ;  hence 
the  import*  disagreement  of  parts,  like  jingling  asunder. 

Expedite — is  from  ex,  and  pedis,  a  foot ;  hence,  to  facilitate,  Ac, 

Epilepsy — is  from  the  gr.  epi,  upon;  and  lambano,  to  leap;  as 
a  fit 

Equivocate — is  from  equus,  alike  or  equal ;  and  vocatus,  called ;  whence 
the  meaning  becomes  doubtful ;  uncertain, 

Evidence — is  from  video,  to  see  or  discover ;  e,  out ;  hence,  to  elucidate, 

Epidemic — is  from  the  gr.  epi,  upon ;  demos,  the  people. 

Fluent,  Affluent,  Superfluous,  and  Influence — are  all  from /uo,  to  flow, 
modified  by  their  prefixes. 

Geography — is  from  the  gr.  ge,  the  earth ;  and  arapho,  to  write. 

Geometry — is  froi )  the  gr.  ge,  and  meireo,  to  measure, 


164  APPENDIX. 

Infant — is  from  /art,  to  speak,  or  fans,  speaking;  and  in,  not ;  then  aa 
infant,  is  one  not  able  to  speak  or  use  language. 

Metropolis — is  from  the  gr.  meter,  a  mother ;  and  polis,  a  city. 

Monotony — is  from  the  gr.  mono*,  one  or  alone ;  and  tonos,  a  tone,  01 
sound. 

Manage — is  from  maims,  the  hand  ;  and  age,  from  ago,  to  do. 

Monopolize — is  from  the  gr.  mono*,  alone ;  and  poleo,  to  buy. 

Mancipate — is  from  manu*,  the  hand;  and  capio,  to  take;  hence,  to 
enslave. 

Orb — is  from  orbis,  a  spherical  body ;  and  orbit,  is  the  curve  line  in 
which  it  moves ;  whence  exorbitant  is  derived,  and  means  depart- 
ing from  the  usual  track,  or  course. 

Order — is  from  ordo  ;  whence  earfraordinary. 

Prophet — is  from  the  gr.  pro,  before ;  and  phemi,  to  speak. 

Period — is  from  the  gr.  peri,  around ;  and  odo*,  a  way  or  road.  Then 
a  periodical  is  what  goes  the  rounds  at  stated  time*. 

Providence — is  from  pro  and  viden*,  seeing  before. 

Perigrinate — is  from  ager,  agri,  a  field;  and  hence  peregrinate,  to 
travel  through  the  country. 

Pennsylvania — is  from  Penn,  the  name  of  the  founder ;  and  sylva,  a 
wood. 

Pedagogue — is  from  the  gr.  pai*,  a  child  ;  and  agogos,  a  leader. 

Preposterous — is  from  posterus,  from  post,  after;  and  pre,  before; 
hence,  it  means  putting  that  first  which  should  be  last,  or  what  ii 
absurd. 

Repugnant — is  from  pugnans,  fighting ;  re,  back ;  hence  opposite,  or 
contrary. 

Koborant — is  from  robur,  oak  of  the  hardest  kind,  and  means  strength- 
ening. •  Hence,  cor  for  con,  makes  corroborate,  to  confirm. 

Sympathy — is  from  the  gr.  syn,  for  sun,  meaning  with ;  and  pathos 
suffering ;  then  sympathy  means  suffering  with,  or  fellow-feeling 
apathy,  without  feeling ;  antipathy,  opposition  of  feelings. 

Synopsis — is  from  the  gr.  syn,  and  opsis,  the  sight ;  hence  one  view 

Synod — is  from  the  gr.  syn,  for  sun  ;  and  odos,  a  way  or  road. 

Supercilious — is  from  super,  above;  cilium,  the  eye-brow;  hence 
haughty. 

Sincere — is  f*  ij  sine,  without ;  cera,  wax ;  hence,  unmixed,  or  pure. 


appendix.  L65 

Universe — is  from  ver*u*,  a  turning;  unto,  into  one;  a  collective  whoU 
Vague — is  from  vagus,  wandering ;  extra,  beyond,  making  fx/roragant 
Astronomy — is  from  the  gr.  nomo*,  a  law ;  and  attron,  a  itar. 
Anal ysis — is  from  the  gr.  lusi*,  a  loosing ;  ana,  again. 
Antipode — is  from  the  gr.  anti,  opposite  to ;  pout,  a  foot 
Anatomy — is  from  the  gr.  tome,  cutting ;  ana,  through. 
Chronology — is  from  the  gr.  logo*,  a  word  or  discourse ;  ehronot,  tiro* 
Euphony — is  from  the  gr.  eu,  good  or  agreeable ;  phone,  sound. 
Epitaph — is  from  the  gr.  epi,  upon ;  taphos,  a  tomb. 
Monarch — is  from  the  gr.  arche,  a  chief;  mono*,  alone. 
Oxygen — is  from  the  gr.  gennao,  to  produce ;  oxu*,  acid. 
Philanthropy — is  from  the  gr.  philo*,  a  lover ;  anthropo*,  of  man. 
Polytechnics — is  from  the  gr.  poly,  many ;  techne,  art 
Phrenology — is  from  the  gr.  logo*,  a  discoursing ;  phren,  the  mind. 
Syllable — is  from  the  gr.  lanbano*,  taken ;  tun,  together. 
Synthesis — is  from  the  gr.  tithemi,  to  put  or  place ;  tun,  together. 
Thermometer — is  from  the  gr.  metron,  a  measure ;  and  thermot,  warmth. 
Telescope — is  from  the  gr.  tkopeo,  to  spy ;  telot,  the  end. 
Orthography — is  from  the  gr.  grapho,  writing ;  ortho*,  right 
Apogee — is  from  the  gr.  apo,  from ;  ge,  the  earth. 
Aphelion — is  from  the  gr.  a,  from ;  heliot,  the  sun. 
Hydraulics — is  from  the  gr.  hudor,  water ;  and  aulut,  a  pipe. 
Hydrophobia — is  from  the  gr.  phobeo,  fear ;  hudor,  water. 
Polyglot — is  from  the  gr.  poly,  many ;  glotta,  tongue,  or  language, 
Asteroid — is  from  the  gr.  eidot,  like ;  attron,  a  star. 
Archipelago — is  from  the  gr.  arche,  chief;  pelagot,  sea. 
Amphibious — is  from  the  gr.  amphi,  about,  or  both ;  bio*,  life. 
Prognostic — is  from  the  gr.  gnoo,  to  know ;  pro,  before. 
Diagonal — is  from  the  gr.  dia,  through ;  gonia,  the  angle* 
Trigonometry — is  from  the  gr.  metreo,  to  measure ;  trti*,  tin  m  ;  goni*\ 
Isosceles — is  from  the  gr.  ito*,  equal ;  tkelot,  legs.  Tingle* 

Apostasy — is  from  the  gr.  ittemi,  to  stand ;  apo,  from. 
Rhinoceros — is  from  the  gr.  hero*,  a  horn ;  rhin,  note. 
Autocrat — is  from  the  gr.  krato*,  power ;  auto*,  one's  sell 
Monk — is  from  the  gr.  mono*,  one  alone. 
Polynesia — is  from  the  gr.  polus,  many ;  and  neto*,  aa  isle. 


]»;(')  APPENDIX. 

No.  IV. 

IMPORTANCE    OF    UNDERSTANDING    THE    LATIN    LANGUAGE. 

From  the  vast  number  of  Latin  words,  which  have  either  in  whole 
or  in  part  become  incorporated  with  the  English  language,  much 
benefit  is  derived  from  a  knowledge  of  their  primitive  import.  In 
most  coses,  they  give  that  turn  to  the  English  signification,  which 
accords  with  their  original  meaning.  Hence,  the  primary  signification 
of  such  Latin  roots  as  are  extensively  involved  in  the  composition  of 
our  language,  must  necessarily  furnish  an  important  auxiliary  in  de- 
termining  the  true  import  of  all  such  English  words. 

For  instance,  the  verb  facio,  with  its  supine  factum,  whose  simple 
primitive  meaning  is  to  do,  to  make,  or  to  cause,  enters  in  some  form 
into  the  composition  of  more  than  500  of  our  English  words ;  and  in 
every  case  imparts  more  or  less  of  its  original  signification.  A  know- 
ledge, therefore,  of  the  meaning  of  that  verb  and  its  supine,  with  tli« 
ability  to  distinguish  its  combination  in  any  word,  must  of  necessity 
aid  the  scholar  in  a  more  perfect  comprehension  of  the  true  import  of 
a?l  English  words,  of  which  it  is  a  component  part 

This  is  a  consideration  fully  equivalent  for  learning  the  primitive 
meaning  of  facio,  factum.  The  same  is  true  to  a  very  great  extent,  in  s 
vast  multitude  of  Latin  primitives.  Much,  therefore,  would  be  gained 
by  committing  Latin  primitives  as  they  occur. 

Words  of  Greek  origin,  while  they  furnish  a  fruitful  source  of  deri- 
vation, are  by  no  means  as  numerous  or  important  as  those  of  Latin. 

We  will  subjoin  a  few  of  the  most  prominent  words  in  Latin  and 
Greek,  with  something  near  the  number  of  their  several  combinations 
in  the  formation  of  English  words,  viz. : 

Facio  and  factum  enter  into  the  composition  of  about  500 ;  pono, 
positum,  250;  plico,  200;  fero,  latum,  198;  specio,  177;  mitto,  mis- 
sum,  174;  teneo,  tentum,  168;  capio,  captum,  197;  tendo,  tensum, 
tentum,  162;  duco,  ductum,  156;  logos,  gr.,  156;  grapho,  gr.,  MS. 
These  twelve  words,  in  some  shape,  enter  into  the  composition  ol 
nearly  2500  English  words. 

From  154  Greek  and  Latin  primitives  which  have  been  examined, 
in  reference  to  this  point,  it  is  found  tlat  not  far  from  13,000  English 


APPENDIX.  107 

words  receive  more  or  less  of  their  component  parts,  characterizing  the 
English  signification  to  a  greater  or  less  extent 


No.V. 
ORIGIN    OF    LANGUAGE    AND    MULTIPLICATION    OP    DIALECTS. 

The  brevity  of  this  article  precludes  the  possibility  of  giving  bnl 
little  more  than  the  simple  results  to  which  learned  men  have,  by  theii 
researches,  been  led. 

The  word  language,  is  derived  from  Latin  lingua,  and  in  its  pioper 
sense,  means  the  expression  of  human  thoughts,  by  means  of  articulaU 
sounds. 

The  use  of  language  was  doubtless  communicated  to  Adam,  at  the 
time  of  his  creation.    See  Gen.  ii.  19,  20. 

The  language  spoken  by  Adam,  was  the  language  of  the  antediluvian 
world ;  and  Noah  and  his  sons  transmitted  the  same  to  the  postdilu- 
vians,  by  whom  it  was  spoken  till  the  confusion  of  tongues  at  Babel. 
See  Gen.  xi  1. 

The  radical  stem  of  this  primitive  language,  doubtless  remained  in 
most,  if  not  all  the  dialects,  or  ramifications,  growing  out  of  the  con- 
fusion of  tongues. 

In  the  family  of  Shem,  it  is  believed  the  primitive  language  was  re- 
tained nearly  the  same,  as  before  the  flood.  From  Eber,  the  third  in 
descent  from  Shem,  originated  the  word  Hebrew,  the  name  given  to  the 
descendants  of  Abraham,  and  applied  to  their  language. 

Abraham  migrated  from  Chaldea,  and  consequently  spoke  the  lan- 
guage of  that  country,  which,  in  his  line  of  descendants,  was  called 
Hebrew,  being  the  same  as  the  ancient  Chaldaic  In  this  language, 
Moses  wrote  the  Pentateuch,  believed  to  be  the  first  written  production 
in  the  world. 

From  one  colony  of  Noah's  descendants,  sprang  the  ancient  Anne 
man,  Persian,  and  Sanscrit,  the  latter  of  which  is  the  parent  of  over 
thirty  of  the  peninsular  languages  of  India.  From  another  colony, 
originated  the  Egyptian,  the  Coptic,  and  Ethiopian,  with  their  several 
dialects. 

The  ancient  languages  of  Phoenicia,   Palestine.  Syria,  Mesopotamia, 


10S  AI'I'KN  I)  IX. 

*nd  Arabia,  are  admitted  to  be  Hebraic,  or  of  the  Chaldean  stock.  The 
ancient  Persian  and  Scythian,  are  from  the  same  stock.  The  Phoenicians 
carried  their  language  through  Asia  Minor,  and  it  became  the  original 
stock  of  the  Pelasgic,  the  parent  of  the  Greek.  From  the  iEolic-Greek, 
with  a  mixture  of  the  Etruscan  and  Sabine  dialects,  originated  the 
Latin.  The  Gothic  and  Celtic  languages,  were  brought  by  colonies 
from  the  regions  of  the  Caspian  and  Euxine  seas,  and  are  in  some 
affinity  with  the  Phoenician  stock. 

Three  successive  streams  of  Eastern  emigration  poured  into  Europe, 
at  an  early  period.  1st  The  Kimmerians,  or  Kelts.  2d.  The  Scythian, 
or  Gothic  tribes.     3d.  The  Sarmatian,  or  Sclavonic  race. 

The  Saxons  were  Germanic,  or  Teutonic  tribes ;  or,  more  anciently, 
Gothic,  or  Scythian. 

From  the  Kimmerian,  or  Keltic  source,  originated  the  Welsh,  Gaelio 
Irish,  Cornish,  and  Gaulish  languages. 

From  the  great  Gothic,  or  Scythian  stock,  and  its  ramifications  of 
tribes,  originated  the  Saxon,  Anglo-Saxon,  Meso-Gothic,  German,  Swiss, 
Dutch,  Swedisli,  Danish,  Norwegian,  Lowland  Scotch,  and  English 
languages. 

From  the  Sarmatian,  or  Sclavonic  stock,  the  Poles  and  Russians  seem 
to  have  derived  their  origin  and  languages. 

The  infant  state  of  the  Saxons  scarcely  attracted  the  notice  of  the 
Romans.  Their  territorial  limits  were  confined  to  Cimbric  Chersonesus, 
and  three  small  islands.  In  449  after  Christ,  the  Saxons  entered 
Britain,  and  eventually  became  masters  of  the  island.  From  the  name 
of  one  of  the  Saxon  tribes,  called  Angles,  originated  the  name  of  the 
nation  (English),  and  the  name  of  the  language  we,  as  American s, 
speak.     Its  immediate  parent  is  Saxon. 

The  English  language  is  probably  destined  to  be  more  universally 
spoken,  than  any  other  language  of  the  world. 


THE    END. 


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